The Book of Jihad, Expeditions, and Authority-06a
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The Reciter: Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us, and Abdullah ibn Numayr narrated to us. And Ibn Numayr narrated to us, and their wordings were similar. My father narrated to us, and Abd al-Aziz ibn Siyah narrated to us, and Habib ibn Abi Thabit narrated to us from Abu Wa'il, who said: Sahih Muslim 1785a.
The Shaykh : In this is evidence that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), in times of distress, hardship, and difficulty, is closer to the truth than 'Umar. This is because 'Umar wanted the fighting to take place while they were on the borders of the Sacred Precinct, or rather, that the fighting would not take place except in Makkah, as Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Fath 48:24].
Likewise, it was so (may Allah be pleased with him) at the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when 'Umar came and the people were in the mosque. He delivered a sermon to them and denied that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had died, saying, "Allah will send him back, and He will cut off the hands and feet of some of you from behind!" Then Abu Bakr came, and he was undoubtedly more grieved by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than 'Umar. He came with composure, ascended the pulpit, and delivered his famous eloquent sermon, in which he said: "Whoever used to worship Muhammad, then Muhammad has died, and whoever used to worship Allah, then Allah is Ever-Living and does not die." Then he recited this verse:[Az-Zumar 39:30] 'Umar said, "I was so shaken that my legs could not support me." This is great steadfastness.
Likewise, in the execution of the army of Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had appointed its commander and it had spent the night outside the city. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, 'Umar and others among the Companions suggested that this army should not be sent out, but should remain in the city out of fear of the hypocrites around it. He said, "By Allah, I will not undo a banner that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed." He sent them off, and in this there was a noble victory. The Arabs said, "If these people did not have strength, they would not have sent expeditions to the edges of Sham." So they feared them.
The conclusion is that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), despite his love for ease and facilitation, is closer to the truth in times of difficulty than 'Umar. Therefore, you find his answer here to be word for word like the answer of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
The reader:Sahih Muslim 1785a.
The Shaykh : But how was this a victory, this truce, when it contained harsh conditions?
Because the people felt safe and at ease, and some of them mixed with others. Quraysh began to come to al-Madinah, and the people of al-Madinah went to Makkah. It is known that this mixing would lead to a result. Then this truce lasted only two years, so Quraysh broke the covenant, and the greatest conquest occurred, for which this victory was a prelude.
Sahal b. Hunaif stood up on the Day of Siffin and said: O ye people, blame yourselves (for want of discretion) ; we were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the Day of Hudaibiya. If we had thought it fit to fight, we could fight. This was in the truce between the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the polytheists. Umar b. Khattab came, approached the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: Messenger of Allah, aren't we fighting for truth and they for falsehood? He replied: By all means. He asked: Are not those killed from our side in Paradise and those killed. from their side in the Fire? He replied: Yes. He said: Then why should we put a blot upon our religion and return, while Allah has not decided the issue between them and ourselves? He said: Son of Khattab, I am the Messenger of Allah. Allah will never ruin me. (The narrator said): Umar went away, but he could not contain himself with rage. So he approached Abu Bakr and said: 'Abu Bakr, aren't we fighting for truth and they for falsehood? He replied: Yes. He asked: Aren't those killed from our side in Paradise and those killed from their side in the Fire? He replied: Why not? He (then) said: Why should we then disgrace our religion and return while God has not yet decided the issue between them and ourselves? Abu Bakr said: Son of Khattab, verily, he is the Messenger of Allah, and Allah will never ruin him.
قَامَ سَهْلُ بْنُ حُنَيْفٍ يَوْمَ صِفِّينَ، فَقَالَ : أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، اتَّهِمُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ، لَقَدْ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَلَوْ نَرَى قِتَالًا لَقَاتَلْنَا، وَذَلِكَ فِي الصُّلْحِ الَّذِي كَانَ بَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَبَيْنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، فَجَاءَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَلَسْنَا عَلَى حَقٍّ وَهُمْ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى ، قَالَ : أَلَيْسَ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاهُمْ فِي النَّارِ ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى ، قَالَ : فَفِيمَ نُعْطِي الدَّنِيَّةَ فِي دِينِنَا، وَنَرْجِعُ، وَلَمَّا يَحْكُمِ اللهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ، فَقَالَ : يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللهِ وَلَنْ يُضَيِّعَنِي اللهُ أَبَدًا ، قَالَ : فَانْطَلَقَ عُمَرُ فَلَمْ يَصْبِرْ مُتَغَيِّظًا، فَأَتَى أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَقَالَ : يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَلَسْنَا عَلَى حَقٍّ وَهُمْ عَلَى بَاطِلٍ ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى، قَالَ : أَلَيْسَ قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاهُمْ فِي النَّارِ ؟ قَالَ : بَلَى، قَالَ : فَعَلَامَ نُعْطِي الدَّنِيَّةَ فِي دِينِنَا، وَنَرْجِعُ وَلَمَّا يَحْكُمِ اللهُ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ ؟ فَقَالَ : يَا ابْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، إِنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللهِ وَلَنْ يُضَيِّعَهُ اللهُ أَبَدًاThe Shaykh : In this is evidence that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), in times of distress, hardship, and difficulty, is closer to the truth than 'Umar. This is because 'Umar wanted the fighting to take place while they were on the borders of the Sacred Precinct, or rather, that the fighting would not take place except in Makkah, as Allah the Exalted said:
And it is He who withheld their hands from you and your hands from them within [the area of] Makkah after He caused you to overcome them
وهو الذي كفّ أيديهم عنكم وأيديكم عنهم ببطن مكّة من بعد أن أظفركم عليهمLikewise, it was so (may Allah be pleased with him) at the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when 'Umar came and the people were in the mosque. He delivered a sermon to them and denied that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had died, saying, "Allah will send him back, and He will cut off the hands and feet of some of you from behind!" Then Abu Bakr came, and he was undoubtedly more grieved by the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than 'Umar. He came with composure, ascended the pulpit, and delivered his famous eloquent sermon, in which he said: "Whoever used to worship Muhammad, then Muhammad has died, and whoever used to worship Allah, then Allah is Ever-Living and does not die." Then he recited this verse:
Indeed, you are to die, and indeed, they are to die.
إنك ميت وإنهم ميتونLikewise, in the execution of the army of Usamah ibn Zayd (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) had appointed its commander and it had spent the night outside the city. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away, 'Umar and others among the Companions suggested that this army should not be sent out, but should remain in the city out of fear of the hypocrites around it. He said, "By Allah, I will not undo a banner that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed." He sent them off, and in this there was a noble victory. The Arabs said, "If these people did not have strength, they would not have sent expeditions to the edges of Sham." So they feared them.
The conclusion is that Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), despite his love for ease and facilitation, is closer to the truth in times of difficulty than 'Umar. Therefore, you find his answer here to be word for word like the answer of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).
The reader:
At this (a Sura of) the Qur'an (giving glad tidings of the victory) was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). He sent for Umar and made him read it. He asked: Is (this truce) a victory? He (the Messenger of Allah) replied: Yes. At this Umar was pleased, and returned.
قَالَ : فَنَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْفَتْحِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَأَقْرَأَهُ إِيَّاهُ، فَقَالَ : يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَوْ فَتْحٌ هُو ؟ قَالَ : نَعَمْ ، فَطَابَتْ نَفْسُهُ وَرَجَعَThe Shaykh : But how was this a victory, this truce, when it contained harsh conditions?
Because the people felt safe and at ease, and some of them mixed with others. Quraysh began to come to al-Madinah, and the people of al-Madinah went to Makkah. It is known that this mixing would lead to a result. Then this truce lasted only two years, so Quraysh broke the covenant, and the greatest conquest occurred, for which this victory was a prelude.