The Book of Jihad, Expeditions, and Authority-03b
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The reciter: Muhammad ibn Rafi' narrated to me, Hajjaj narrated to us, Layth narrated to us from 'Aqil, from Ibn Shihab, from 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, from 'A'ishah, that she informed him,
The Shaykh : May Allah pardon her. Otherwise, Abu Bakr did not rely on opinion, but rather he relied on an explicit text. It was incumbent upon her to accept the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):Sunan Abi Dawud 2976Sahih (Al-Albani). But as I told you a moment ago, in a dispute, a person does not retain a mind by which he understands what he says, or does, or disposes of. So we ask Allah to pardon her for boycotting the successor of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
The reader:.
The Shaykh : It is something strange, and it is not possible for the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to err in the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr, and we correct 'Ali in what he saw, because what 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) saw is contrary to the apparent meaning of what came in the Sunnah, meaning that he is more deserving than Abu Bakr and others due to his kinship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). This is for several reasons:
First: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when he was ill during his prayer, who did he appoint? He appointed Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Leading the prayer is a lesser leadership, and for this reason, it is obligatory for the followers to follow the imam just as it is obligatory for the subjects to obey the ruler.
Second: Because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed him to lead the pilgrims in the ninth year, and if someone else had been more deserving of the succession of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than him, he would have appointed him and not appointed Abu Bakr.
Third: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said in his illness:. This is an indication that Abu Bakr will be the successor who enters the mosque from the door of his house.
Also:. This is clear that he has the succession after him.
Also he said:, and these are all explicit texts.
Then comes the scholarly consensus of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) on his pledge of allegiance, after they discussed the matter and disputed somewhat in the Sufah of Banu Sa'idah, and in the end they agreed on the succession of Abu Bakr. 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had something in his heart regarding this because he thought that Abu Bakr had monopolized the matter without the kinship of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). This is an opinion, but this opinion cannot be preferred over the opinion of the Companions, and before that, the explicit text from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
That Fatimah, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), sent to Abu Bakr al-Siddiq asking him for her inheritance from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), from what Allah granted him in Madinah, and Fadak, and what remained of the fifth of Khaybar. Abu Bakr said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We do not leave an inheritance; what we leave is charity. The family of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) only eats from this wealth.' And I swear by Allah, I will not change anything of the charity of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) from the state it was in during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and I will certainly act in it as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) acted in it." So Abu Bakr refused to give Fatimah anything, and Fatimah was displeased with Abu Bakr regarding that. He said: "So she boycotted him and did not speak to him until she passed away."
أن فاطمة بنت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أرسلت إلى أبي بكر الصديق تسأله ميراثها من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، مما أفاء الله عليه بالمدينة، وفدك، وما بقي من خمس خيبر، فقال أبو بكر : إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، قال : لا نورث ما تركنا صدقة، إنما يأكل آل محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم في هذا المال ، وإني والله لا أغير شيئا من صدقة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن حالها التي كانت عليها في عهد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، ولأعملن فيها بما عمل به رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فأبى أبو بكر أن يدفع إلى فاطمة شيئا، فوجدت فاطمة على أبي بكر في ذلك، قال : فهجرته، فلم تكلمه حتى توفيتThe Shaykh : May Allah pardon her. Otherwise, Abu Bakr did not rely on opinion, but rather he relied on an explicit text. It was incumbent upon her to accept the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him):
We are not inherited. Whatever we leave is sadaqah.
إنا لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةThe reader:
She lived for six months after the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). When she passed away, her husband, 'Ali ibn Abi Talib, buried her at night and did not inform Abu Bakr. 'Ali prayed over her. 'Ali had a certain standing among the people during Fatimah's lifetime, but when she died, he was displeased with the people's attitude. He sought to reconcile with Abu Bakr and pledge allegiance to him, as he had not pledged allegiance during those months. He sent a message to Abu Bakr saying, "Come to us, and let no one come with you," out of dislike for the presence of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab. 'Umar said to Abu Bakr, "By Allah, you will not go to them alone." Abu Bakr said, "What do you think they will do to me? By Allah, I will go to them." Abu Bakr entered upon them. 'Ali ibn Abi Talib recited the testimony of faith, then said: "We know, O Abu Bakr, your virtue and what Allah has granted you, and we do not begrudge you any good that Allah has directed to you. However, you have monopolized the matter over us, and we believed we had a right due to our kinship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He continued to speak to Abu Bakr until Abu Bakr's eyes overflowed with tears. When Abu Bakr spoke, he said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, the kinship of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) is dearer to me to maintain than my own kinship. As for the matter of these assets that has caused discord between us, I have not neglected the truth in them, nor have I left any action I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) perform in them without doing the same." 'Ali said to Abu Bakr, "Our appointment is this evening for the pledge of allegiance." When Abu Bakr prayed the midday prayer, he ascended the pulpit. He recited the testimony of faith, mentioned 'Ali's situation and his delay in pledging allegiance, and excused him for the reason he had given him. Then he sought forgiveness. 'Ali ibn Abi Talib recited the testimony of faith, and he magnified the right of Abu Bakr, stating that he had not been driven to what he did by arrogance toward Abu Bakr or denial of the distinction Allah had granted him, but rather they believed they had a share in the matter, and he had monopolized it over them, so they felt aggrieved. The Muslims were pleased with this and said, "You have hit the mark." The Muslims were close to 'Ali when he returned to the well-known matter.
وعاشت بعد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ستة أشهر، فلما توفيت دفنها زوجها علي بن أبي طالب ليلا، ولم يؤذن بها أبا بكر، وصلى عليها علي، وكان لعلي من الناس وجهة حياة فاطمة، فلما توفيت استنكر علي وجوه الناس، فالتمس مصالحة أبي بكر ومبايعته، ولم يكن بايع تلك الأشهر، فأرسل إلى أبي بكر أن ائتنا ولا يأتنا معك أحد، كراهية محضر عمر بن الخطاب، فقال عمر لأبي بكر : والله، لا تدخل عليهم وحدك، فقال أبو بكر : وما عساهم أن يفعلوا بي ؟ إني والله لآتينهم، فدخل عليهم أبو بكر، فتشهد علي بن أبي طالب، ثم قال : إنا قد عرفنا يا أبا بكر فضيلتك، وما أعطاك الله، ولم ننفس عليك خيرا ساقه الله إليك، ولكنك استبددت علينا بالأمر، وكنا نحن نرى لنا حقا لقرابتنا من رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلم يزل يكلم أبا بكر حتى فاضت عينا أبي بكر، فلما تكلم أبو بكر، قال : والذي نفسي بيده، لقرابة رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أحب إلي أن أصل من قرابتي، وأما الذي شجر بيني وبينكم من هذه الأموال، فإني لم آل فيها عن الحق، ولم أترك أمرا رأيت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يصنعه فيها إلا صنعته، فقال علي لأبي بكر : موعدك العشية للبيعة، فلما صلى أبو بكر صلاة الظهر، رقي على المنبر، فتشهد وذكر شأن علي وتخلفه عن البيعة، وعذره بالذي اعتذر إليه، ثم استغفر وتشهد علي بن أبي طالب، فعظم حق أبي بكر، وأنه لم يحمله على الذي صنع نفاسة على أبي بكر، ولا إنكارا للذي فضله الله به، ولكنا كنا نرى لنا في الأمر نصيبا، فاستبد علينا به، فوجدنا في أنفسنا، فسر بذلك المسلمون، وقالوا : أصبت، فكان المسلمون إلى علي قريبا حين راجع الأمر المعروفThe Shaykh : It is something strange, and it is not possible for the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) to err in the pledge of allegiance to Abu Bakr, and we correct 'Ali in what he saw, because what 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) saw is contrary to the apparent meaning of what came in the Sunnah, meaning that he is more deserving than Abu Bakr and others due to his kinship with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). This is for several reasons:
First: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), when he was ill during his prayer, who did he appoint? He appointed Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Leading the prayer is a lesser leadership, and for this reason, it is obligatory for the followers to follow the imam just as it is obligatory for the subjects to obey the ruler.
Second: Because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) appointed him to lead the pilgrims in the ninth year, and if someone else had been more deserving of the succession of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) than him, he would have appointed him and not appointed Abu Bakr.
Third: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said in his illness:
Abu Bakr is the most kind to me in my wealth and my companionship. No door in the mosque remained open except the door of Abu Bakr.
إن أمنّ الناس علي في مالي وصحبتي أبو بكر، ولم يبقى باب في المسجد إلا سُدّ إلا باب أبا بكرAlso:
A woman came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him), and he promised her [something] for the following year. She said, "What if I do not find you?" He said, "If you do not find me, go to Abu Bakr."
أتت النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم امرأةٌ فوعدها العام المقبل فقالت : أرأيت إن لم أجدك ؟ قال : إن لم تجديني فأتي أبا بكرAlso he said:
Allah and His Messenger and the believers refuse [anyone] but Abu Bakr
يأبى الله ورسوله والمؤمنون إلا أبا بكرThen comes the scholarly consensus of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) on his pledge of allegiance, after they discussed the matter and disputed somewhat in the Sufah of Banu Sa'idah, and in the end they agreed on the succession of Abu Bakr. 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) had something in his heart regarding this because he thought that Abu Bakr had monopolized the matter without the kinship of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). This is an opinion, but this opinion cannot be preferred over the opinion of the Companions, and before that, the explicit text from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).