Explanation of the words of Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding what he quoted: "
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) stated, in what he quoted from Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was on one of his expeditions. He waited until the sun had passed its zenith; “the sun declined” means it had passed its zenith. This was so that the coolness would set in, the shade would increase, and the people would feel refreshed. So he waited until the sun had declined, then he stood among them as a preacher. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to deliver sermons to the people, both regular, established sermons, such as his sermons on Friday, and occasional sermons when the need arose. He would stand and preach (peace and blessings be upon him), and there were many of these. Among the things he said was:Sahih al-Bukhari 7237: This means that a person should not wish to meet the enemy and say, “O Allah, throw me to my enemy.” : Say, “O Allah, grant us well-being.” : This is the point of the hadith, meaning be patient in fighting them, seek help from Allah (Mighty and Majestic), and fight so that the word of Allah is the supreme one. Sahih al-Bukhari 2818: We ask Allah for His bounty. Paradise is under the shadows of the swords carried by the mujahid in the path of Allah, because the mujahid in the path of Allah, if he is killed, becomes one of the people of Paradise, as came in the saying of Allah the Exalted: [Ali 'Imran 3:169-171]. And the martyr, if he is killed in the path of Allah, does not feel the thrust or the blow, as if it were nothing. He does not feel anything except that his soul is leaving the world to eternal bliss forever. We ask Allah for His bounty. For this reason, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Sahih al-Bukhari 2818. And among the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) was Anas ibn al-Nadr, who said: Sahih Ibn Hibban 23:306: Look, Allah opened his nostrils until he truly smelled the scent of Paradise, unlike anyone else. Then he fought until he was killed (may Allah be pleased with him). They found about eighty wounds in him, between spear thrusts, arrows, and other things. So he was killed a martyr (may Allah be pleased with him). For this reason, he (peace and blessings be upon him) said: Sahih al-Bukhari 2818.
Then he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih al-Bukhari 2965, 2966: This is a supplication that the mujahid should make when he meets the enemy: Sahih al-Bukhari 2965, 2966: So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sought nearness to Allah through the legislative signs and the cosmic signs. He sought nearness through the sending down of the Book, which is the Noble Qur'an, or it includes every Book, and the intended meaning is the genus, meaning: the One who sent down the Books upon Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and upon others.
: This is a cosmic sign. The clouds, which are deployed between the sky and the earth, are not driven except by Allah (Mighty and Majestic). If the nations gathered with all their machines and equipment to drive this cloud or to turn its direction, they would not be able to find a way to do so. Rather, He drives it; when He wills a thing, He says to it, “Be,” and it is.
: For Allah (Mighty and Majestic) alone is the One who defeats the confederates. Among the instances of this is that Allah defeated the confederates in the Battle of the Confederates. They gathered more than ten thousand fighters around the city to fight the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him), but Allah the Exalted defeated them. He defeated them: [Al-Ahzab 33:25]. He sent upon them a wind and armies that you did not see, which shook them, overturned their pots, and brought down their tents, so that they had no stable footing. It was a severe, cold, eastern wind until they turned back. [Al-Ahzab 33:25]. So Allah (Mighty and Majestic) is the One who defeats the confederates. It is not the strength of man that defeats. Strength is a cause that may be beneficial and may not be, but we are commanded to do the permissible cause. However, the One who truly defeats is Allah (Mighty and Majestic): . So in this hadith there are several benefits:
First: that a person should not wish to meet the enemy. This is different from wishing for martyrdom. Wishing for martyrdom is permissible and is not forbidden; rather, it may be commanded. But wishing to meet the enemy is not to be wished for, because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade it:Sahih al-Bukhari 7237.
And among its benefits is that a person should ask Allah for well-being, because well-being and safety are not matched by anything. So do not wish for wars or fighting, and ask Allah for well-being and victory for His religion. But when you meet the enemy, among the benefits of the hadith is that a person must, when he meets the enemy, be patient. Allah the Exalted said:[Al-Anfal 8:45], [Al-Anfal 8:46].
And among the benefits of this hadith is that the commander of the army or the detachment should be gentle with them and should not start the fighting except at the appropriate time, whether it is appropriate in terms of the day or in terms of the season. For example, in the days of summer, it is not appropriate to seek out fighting, because there is hardship in it. In days of severe cold, it is not sought out either, because there is hardship in that. But if it can be in between, meaning in the spring or in the autumn, that is the best.
And among them is that a person should make this supplication:Sahih al-Bukhari 2965, 2966.
And among the benefits of this hadith is supplicating against the enemies for defeat, because they are your enemies and the enemies of Allah. The disbeliever is not an enemy to you alone, but he is an enemy to you, to your Lord, to His prophets, to His angels, to His messengers, and to every believer. The disbeliever is an enemy to every believer, an enemy to every messenger, an enemy to every prophet, an enemy to every angel. So he is an enemy. You should always ask Allah to cause the disbeliever enemies to fail, to defeat them, and to grant us victory over them. And success is from Allah.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) stated, in what he quoted from Abdullah ibn Abi Awfa (may Allah be pleased with him), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was on one of his expeditions. He waited until the sun had passed its zenith; “the sun declined” means it had passed its zenith. This was so that the coolness would set in, the shade would increase, and the people would feel refreshed. So he waited until the sun had declined, then he stood among them as a preacher. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) used to deliver sermons to the people, both regular, established sermons, such as his sermons on Friday, and occasional sermons when the need arose. He would stand and preach (peace and blessings be upon him), and there were many of these. Among the things he said was:
Do not long for meeting your enemy
لا تتمنوا لقاء العدوAnd ask Allah for well-being
واسألوا الله العافيةBut when you meet them and are tested thereby, be patient
فإذا لقيتموه وابتليتم بذلك فاصبرواKnow that Paradise is under the shades of swords.
واعلموا أن الجنة تحت ظلال السيوف(169) And never think of those who have been killed in the cause of Allah as dead. Rather, they are alive with their Lord, receiving provision, (170) Rejoicing in what Allah has bestowed upon them of His bounty, and they receive good tidings about those [to be martyred] after them who have not yet joined them - that there will be no fear concerning them, nor will they grieve. (171) They receive good tidings of favor from Allah and bounty and [of the fact] that Allah does not allow the reward of believers to be lost -
وَلا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتاً بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُون فَرِحِينَ بِمَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَيَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِالَّذِينَ لَمْ يَلْحَقُوا بِهِمْ مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ أَلَّا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ بِنِعْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَفَضْلٍ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَKnow that Paradise is under the shades of swords.
واعلموا أن الجنة تحت ظلال السيوفI truly smell the scent of Paradise before Uhud.
إني لأجد ريح الجنة دون أحدKnow that Paradise is under the shades of swords.
واعلموا أن الجنة تحت ظلال السيوفThen he (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
O Allah! The Revealer of the (Holy) Book, the Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of Al-Ahzab (i.e. the clans of infidels), defeat them infidels and bestow victory upon us.
اللهم ُمنزّل الكتاب ومُجري السحاب وهازم الأحزاب اهزمهم وانصرنا عليهمO Allah! The Revealer of the (Holy) Book, the Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of Al-Ahzab (i.e. the clans of infidels), defeat them infidels and bestow victory upon us.
اللهم منزل الكتاب ومجري السحاب وهازم الأحزاب اهزمهم وانصرنا عليهمAnd You who drive the clouds
ومجري السحابAnd You who defeated the confederates
وهازم الأحزابAnd Allah repelled those who disbelieved, in their rage, not having obtained any good
وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْراًAnd Allah repelled those who disbelieved, in their rage, not having obtained any good. And sufficient was Allah for the believers in battle
وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْراً وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَDefeat them and grant us victory over them.
اهزمهم ونصرنا عليهمFirst: that a person should not wish to meet the enemy. This is different from wishing for martyrdom. Wishing for martyrdom is permissible and is not forbidden; rather, it may be commanded. But wishing to meet the enemy is not to be wished for, because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) forbade it:
Do not long for meeting your enemy
لا تتمنوا لقاء العدوAnd among its benefits is that a person should ask Allah for well-being, because well-being and safety are not matched by anything. So do not wish for wars or fighting, and ask Allah for well-being and victory for His religion. But when you meet the enemy, among the benefits of the hadith is that a person must, when he meets the enemy, be patient. Allah the Exalted said:
O you who have believed, when you encounter a company [from the enemy forces], stand firm and remember Allah much that you may be successful.
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا لَقِيتُمْ فِئَةً فَاثْبُتُوا وَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ كَثِيراً لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَAnd obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute and [thus] lose courage and [then] your strength would depart; and be patient. Indeed, Allah is with the patient.
وَأَطِيعُوا اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلا تَنَازَعُوا فَتَفْشَلُوا وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ وَاصْبِرُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَAnd among the benefits of this hadith is that the commander of the army or the detachment should be gentle with them and should not start the fighting except at the appropriate time, whether it is appropriate in terms of the day or in terms of the season. For example, in the days of summer, it is not appropriate to seek out fighting, because there is hardship in it. In days of severe cold, it is not sought out either, because there is hardship in that. But if it can be in between, meaning in the spring or in the autumn, that is the best.
And among them is that a person should make this supplication:
O Allah! The Revealer of the (Holy) Book, the Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of Al-Ahzab (i.e. the clans of infidels), defeat them infidels and bestow victory upon us.
اللهم مُنزِّل الكتاب ومُجري السحاب وهازم الأحزاب اهزمهم وانصرنا عليهمAnd among the benefits of this hadith is supplicating against the enemies for defeat, because they are your enemies and the enemies of Allah. The disbeliever is not an enemy to you alone, but he is an enemy to you, to your Lord, to His prophets, to His angels, to His messengers, and to every believer. The disbeliever is an enemy to every believer, an enemy to every messenger, an enemy to every prophet, an enemy to every angel. So he is an enemy. You should always ask Allah to cause the disbeliever enemies to fail, to defeat them, and to grant us victory over them. And success is from Allah.