Explanation of the hadith from Abu Hurayrah, Abu Qatadah, and Abu Ibrahim al-Ashehli from his father — and his father was a Companion — (may Allah be pleased with them)
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The reader: Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) transmitted in the context of the hadiths in the chapter on what is recited in the funeral prayer "from Abu Hurayrah, Abu Qatadah, and Abu Ibrahim al-Ashehli from his father — and his father was a Companion (may Allah be pleased with them) — from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he prayed over a funeral and said:Riyad as-Salihin 936 Narrated by Abu Dawud and al-Tirmidhi, and from Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Sunan Ibn Majah 1497Hasan (Darussalam) Narrated by Abu Dawud".
The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
This hadith is about what is supplicated for in the prayer over the dead. The hadith of Awf ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the specific supplication for the deceased has already been mentioned. As for this supplication mentioned by the author (may Allah have mercy on him), it is the general supplication. The one praying over the dead says: "O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, our young and our old, our males and our females, our present and our absent". These phrases are covered by a single phrase if he said: "O Allah, forgive our living and our dead", which includes everyone.
But the station of supplication requires elaboration and detail, because every phrase of the supplication is an act of worship of Allah (Mighty and Majestic), and if you repeat it, you increase in reward by doing so. His saying "our living and our dead" includes the living who are present, the dead from the past, and the dead of his time. "Our young and our old" likewise includes the young and the old, both the living and the dead. Mentioning the young, even though the young have no sin, is by way of association; otherwise, the young have no sin for which forgiveness is sought. "Our males and our females" is the same, it is general. "Our present and our absent", such as the one who is present and the one who is traveling. "O Allah, whomever You keep alive among us, keep him alive upon Islam, and whomever You cause to die among us, cause him to die upon faith". For life, he mentioned Islam, which is the outward submission. As for death, he said "cause him to die upon faith," because faith is better, its place is the heart, and the criterion is what is in the heart at the time of death and on the Day of Resurrection. "O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward, and do not test us after him". "Do not deprive us of his reward" means by praying over him, because a person is rewarded for praying over the dead. It has already been mentioned that whoever attends the funeral until the prayer is performed over it gets one qirat, and whoever attends until it is buried gets two qirats. This is his reward. Likewise, there is another reward for the one afflicted by this dead person, who grieved at his separation; he is also rewarded for his patience with the calamity. "And do not test us after him" means: do not misguide us from our religion after him, because the living are not safe from trial as long as a person’s soul has not departed; he is exposed to being tested in his religion, may Allah protect us. Therefore, he said "do not test us after him." A person should supplicate with this supplication following the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). As for the hadith of Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sunan Ibn Majah 1497Hasan (Darussalam), the meaning is that you supplicate with presence of heart and persistence with Allah for your dead brother, because he is in need of you. And success is from Allah.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) transmitted in the context of the hadiths in the chapter on what is recited in the funeral prayer "from Abu Hurayrah, Abu Qatadah, and Abu Ibrahim al-Ashehli from his father — and his father was a Companion (may Allah be pleased with them) — from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) that he prayed over a funeral and said:
Allahummaghfir lihaiyina wa maiyitina, wa saghirina wa kabirina, wa dhakarina wa unthana, wa shahidina wa gha'ibina. Allahumma man ahyaiytahu minna, fa'ahyihi 'alal-Islam, wa man tawaffaiytahu minna, fatawaffahu 'alal-Iman. Allahumma la tahrimna ajrahu, wa la taftinna ba'dahu (O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, our present and our absent, our young and our old, our male and our female. O Allah, whosoever of us You keep alive, keep him alive (faithful) to Islam, and whosoever of us You cause to die, let him die having Iman. O Allah, do not deprive us of our reward (for being patient) and do not subject us to trials after his death.
اللهم اغفر لحينا وميتنا وصغيرنا وكبيرنا وذكرنا وأنثانا وشاهدنا وغائبنا، اللهم من أحييته منا فأحيه على الإسلام، ومن توفيته منا فتوفه على الإيمان، اللهم لا تحرمنا أجره ولا تفتنا بعدهWhen you offer the prayer for the deceased, supplicate sincerely for him.
إذا صليتم على الميت فأخلصوا له الدعاءThe Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
This hadith is about what is supplicated for in the prayer over the dead. The hadith of Awf ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) regarding the specific supplication for the deceased has already been mentioned. As for this supplication mentioned by the author (may Allah have mercy on him), it is the general supplication. The one praying over the dead says: "O Allah, forgive our living and our dead, our young and our old, our males and our females, our present and our absent". These phrases are covered by a single phrase if he said: "O Allah, forgive our living and our dead", which includes everyone.
But the station of supplication requires elaboration and detail, because every phrase of the supplication is an act of worship of Allah (Mighty and Majestic), and if you repeat it, you increase in reward by doing so. His saying "our living and our dead" includes the living who are present, the dead from the past, and the dead of his time. "Our young and our old" likewise includes the young and the old, both the living and the dead. Mentioning the young, even though the young have no sin, is by way of association; otherwise, the young have no sin for which forgiveness is sought. "Our males and our females" is the same, it is general. "Our present and our absent", such as the one who is present and the one who is traveling. "O Allah, whomever You keep alive among us, keep him alive upon Islam, and whomever You cause to die among us, cause him to die upon faith". For life, he mentioned Islam, which is the outward submission. As for death, he said "cause him to die upon faith," because faith is better, its place is the heart, and the criterion is what is in the heart at the time of death and on the Day of Resurrection. "O Allah, do not deprive us of his reward, and do not test us after him". "Do not deprive us of his reward" means by praying over him, because a person is rewarded for praying over the dead. It has already been mentioned that whoever attends the funeral until the prayer is performed over it gets one qirat, and whoever attends until it is buried gets two qirats. This is his reward. Likewise, there is another reward for the one afflicted by this dead person, who grieved at his separation; he is also rewarded for his patience with the calamity. "And do not test us after him" means: do not misguide us from our religion after him, because the living are not safe from trial as long as a person’s soul has not departed; he is exposed to being tested in his religion, may Allah protect us. Therefore, he said "do not test us after him." A person should supplicate with this supplication following the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family). As for the hadith of Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: