Explanation of the words of Ibn Malik (may Allah have mercy on him): "And the noun is specifically designated for the genitive, just as the verb is specifically designated for the jussive."
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The Shaykh :"And the noun is specifically designated for the genitive, just as the verb is specifically designated for the jussive"
This specific marker, the genitive, is exclusive to the noun; a verb is never in the genitive case. Similarly, the jussive is exclusive to the verb; a noun is never in the jussive case. Pay attention, my brothers.
So, the types of inflection are four: nominative, accusative, genitive, and jussive. The author uses the term "genitive," which is the terminology of the Basrans. Al-Ajrumi used the term "khafdh" (lowering), which is the terminology of the Kufans. If you find a book on grammar that says "khafdh" instead of "genitive," know that it is Kufan. And if you see someone using "genitive" for "khafdh," he is Basran. Now, pay attention, my brothers.
So, how many types of inflection are there? Four: nominative, accusative, genitive, and jussive. Nouns and verbs share two types, which are the nominative and the accusative. That is, a noun can be in the nominative case and a verb can be in the nominative case, and a noun can be in the accusative case and a verb can be in the accusative case. The noun is specific to the genitive, and the verb is specific to the jussive. That is, a verb is not in the genitive case, and a noun is not in the jussive case. I think we passed this in the beginning of the Alfiyyah: what is one of the markers of a noun? The genitive, meaning it is specific to it. So, praise be to Allah, the matter is clear. The types of inflection are four. What are they, Mazen?
The student: The types of inflection.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The nominative, the accusative, the genitive, and the jussive.
The Shaykh : And the jussive, what are the shared ones, Khalid?
The student: The nominative and the accusative.
The Shaykh : Shared between what?
The student: The noun and the verb.
The Shaykh : Between the noun and the verb. And what are the specific ones, Khalid?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Okay, now, is it correct for me to say: "Yudribu Zayd" with the genitive? No. Why? Because a verb is not put in the genitive case; the genitive is specific to the noun.
And is it correct to say: "Jaa'a Zayd" (Zayd came) and then put it in the jussive? No, because the jussive is specific to verbs. Now, does the jussive apply to the past tense verb?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why? Because it is built (uninflected). We are talking now about inflection. So, the jussive does not apply except to the present tense verb, because that is the one that is inflected. So, when the author says: "The verb is specifically designated for the jussive", he does not mean it in a general sense, because the past tense verb does not take the jussive, and the imperative verb does not take the jussive according to the view of the Basrans, which is the correct view. Rather, the jussive applies to what? The present tense verb.
Now, if the types of inflection are four, what are the markers of these types? What are their markers? I mean, what are the markers of a noun being in the nominative case, or a verb being in the nominative case, or both being in the accusative case, or a noun being in the genitive case, or a verb being in the jussive case? What is the marker?
This specific marker, the genitive, is exclusive to the noun; a verb is never in the genitive case. Similarly, the jussive is exclusive to the verb; a noun is never in the jussive case. Pay attention, my brothers.
So, the types of inflection are four: nominative, accusative, genitive, and jussive. The author uses the term "genitive," which is the terminology of the Basrans. Al-Ajrumi used the term "khafdh" (lowering), which is the terminology of the Kufans. If you find a book on grammar that says "khafdh" instead of "genitive," know that it is Kufan. And if you see someone using "genitive" for "khafdh," he is Basran. Now, pay attention, my brothers.
So, how many types of inflection are there? Four: nominative, accusative, genitive, and jussive. Nouns and verbs share two types, which are the nominative and the accusative. That is, a noun can be in the nominative case and a verb can be in the nominative case, and a noun can be in the accusative case and a verb can be in the accusative case. The noun is specific to the genitive, and the verb is specific to the jussive. That is, a verb is not in the genitive case, and a noun is not in the jussive case. I think we passed this in the beginning of the Alfiyyah: what is one of the markers of a noun? The genitive, meaning it is specific to it. So, praise be to Allah, the matter is clear. The types of inflection are four. What are they, Mazen?
The student: The types of inflection.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: The nominative, the accusative, the genitive, and the jussive.
The Shaykh : And the jussive, what are the shared ones, Khalid?
The student: The nominative and the accusative.
The Shaykh : Shared between what?
The student: The noun and the verb.
The Shaykh : Between the noun and the verb. And what are the specific ones, Khalid?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Okay, now, is it correct for me to say: "Yudribu Zayd" with the genitive? No. Why? Because a verb is not put in the genitive case; the genitive is specific to the noun.
And is it correct to say: "Jaa'a Zayd" (Zayd came) and then put it in the jussive? No, because the jussive is specific to verbs. Now, does the jussive apply to the past tense verb?
The student: No.
The Shaykh : Why? Because it is built (uninflected). We are talking now about inflection. So, the jussive does not apply except to the present tense verb, because that is the one that is inflected. So, when the author says: "The verb is specifically designated for the jussive", he does not mean it in a general sense, because the past tense verb does not take the jussive, and the imperative verb does not take the jussive according to the view of the Basrans, which is the correct view. Rather, the jussive applies to what? The present tense verb.
Now, if the types of inflection are four, what are the markers of these types? What are their markers? I mean, what are the markers of a noun being in the nominative case, or a verb being in the nominative case, or both being in the accusative case, or a noun being in the genitive case, or a verb being in the jussive case? What is the marker?