Continuation of the previous discussion.
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) stated that the present tense verb is divided into two categories: inflected and uninflected. The uninflected verb is one to which the emphatic nun or the women's nun is attached. The condition for the emphatic nun is that it be attached directly, to avoid cases where it is attached in form but not in meaning. Now, if the women's nun is attached, on what is the verb uninflected?
The student: On sukun (stillness).
The Shaykh : For example.
The student: Like "kilbasna" (they wear).
The Shaykh : Like "kilbasna."
The student: "Yalbasna" (they wear).
The Shaykh : Like "yalbasna." Good, now parse it.
The student: "Yalbas" is a present tense verb, uninflected on sukun.
The Shaykh : Due to its attachment.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In the position of.
The student: In the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... A connected pronoun, uninflected on sukun.
The Shaykh : A connected pronoun, uninflected on sukun. "Yalbasna."
The student: Built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : Uninflected on fath (opening), in the position of nominative, as the subject. Good, another example. Another example of a present tense verb to which the women's nun is attached. Ah.
The student: "Ya'lamna" (they know).
The Shaykh : "Ya'lamna." Good, parse "ya'lamna." Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Ya'lam" is a present tense verb. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Complete it, my brother.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected on sukun due to its attachment to the women's nun, in the position of.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In the position of nominative. Good, and the nun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : And the nun of the women is the subject, uninflected, in the position of. Go on, in the position of what? Good, you said it is uninflected on sukun, but you pronounced it with an opening, saying "ya'lamna." How do we reconcile your parsing with your pronunciation?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, the verb is uninflected on sukun, "ya'lamna," but the nun, you said it is the women's nun, the subject, uninflected on sukun, in the position of nominative. Ah, so it is uninflected on what?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, uninflected on fath, in the position of nominative, as the subject. Good, the emphatic nun. "Layusajanna" (he will surely be imprisoned). This example, "layusajanna," its parsing.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : This example, "layusajanna," its parsing. The lam, the lam, no.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Nourshan.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is a preparatory particle for the oath, its meaning is "By Allah, he will surely be imprisoned." Good, the lam is a preparatory particle for the oath. "Yusajanna."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Yusaj" is a present tense verb, uninflected. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Due to its attachment to the emphatic nun, in the position of nominative. Good, and the nun. Yes, and the nun is the emphatic nun, uninflected on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It has no position in parsing. Ah, what do you say? Yes, correct, because the emphatic nun is a letter, and a letter has no position in parsing. Good. Ashraf. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The waw is a conjunction. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In the position of nominative. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The nun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, it has no position in parsing. Good, what is the difference between "layusajanna" and "layakunna"?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, correct. Good, I do not know. If I say: "Do not be lazy in seeking knowledge," "Do not be lazy in seeking knowledge," we parse "takasala" (be lazy) as a present tense verb, uninflected on fath, in the position of jussive, in the position of jussive due to the prohibitive la, and the nun is for emphasis. Now look, the verb did not change, whether it was in the nominative or the jussive. Why? Because it is uninflected on fath, and the uninflected does not change with different factors.
Good, Ibn Malik says: "directly". If it is not direct, meaning the nun is attached in form but not in meaning, is it uninflected or not? Yes. Ah, I say: it is not uninflected, it is inflected. Good, and when is that?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say, everyone? It is not direct if the verb is attributed to the alif of duality, the waw of plurality, or the ya of address. Clear? Good, the saying of Allah the Exalted:[At-Takathur 102:8] Parse it, O Badr, then.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Then, "thumma" is a conjunction. "Thumma" is a conjunction. The lam.
The student: A preparatory particle for the oath.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Latas'ala" (you will surely be asked). You read it, then "latas'ala" is uninflected on sukun. "Latas'ala" is with a damma. Wait, Shaykh, we are learning now.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected on what?
The student: On the damma.
The Shaykh : On damma? It is not possible for it to be uninflected on damma. The present tense verb is uninflected either on fath or on sukun, there is nothing else.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How do you read it in the Book of Allah? You read often. How do you read it? You say: "Thumma latas'ala." "Latas'ala" does not have sukun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : ... Good, Abd al-Malik.
The student: A present tense verb ... .
The Shaykh : What is omitted?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The subject? No.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, Ahmad.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The passive subject for "latas'ala." Good, here, why was it not uninflected on fath, even though the emphatic nun is attached to it? It is attached to it in form, not in meaning. Good.
I think we mentioned in the previous lesson the conflict between the waw and the nun. Each one says, "Why is it deleted? I am not deleted, I am more deserving." And we explained what? The right to remain, and that the nun of the nominative is the one that was deleted, not the emphatic nun. Correct, because it is deleted in the jussive and the accusative, so it is not strange that it is deleted when similar letters follow one another. And because if the emphatic nun is deleted, the meaning is disrupted. Good.
And the waw was deleted due to the meeting of two static letters, because the emphatic nun is doubled and is deleted when two static letters meet. Because this rule is that if two static letters meet, and the first is a letter of lenition, it is deleted. Good, Allah the Exalted said:[Al-A'raf 7:6] Nourshan, is the verb here uninflected or inflected?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected. Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Attached to the emphatic nun. Well done. Parse.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : And the lam is a preparatory particle for the oath. We ask.
The student: A present tense verb, a present tense verb.
The Shaykh : Uninflected. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected on fath due to its attachment.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, my brother, to the emphatic nun. Due to its attachment to the emphatic nun, in the position of nominative. You say: Uninflected on fath due to its attachment to the emphatic nun, in the position of nominative, and the nun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Where is the subject?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Hidden by necessity?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Hidden by necessity, because if the pronoun is estimated to be "I" or "we," it is hidden by necessity. And if it is estimated to be "he" or "she," it is hidden by permission. Clear, everyone? Good, parsing. O Abd al-Rahman ibn Dawud, Allah the Exalted said:[Maryam 19:26] [Maryam 19:26] Parse it.
The student: The fa ... .
The Shaykh : A conjunction here, a conjunction. Yes.
The student: Either a conditional.
The Shaykh : Either a conditional, like that. That is "in" (if) conditional.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say? Either a conditional, Mansur. Ah.
The student: Kaf and makfuf.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: Kaf and makfuf.
The Shaykh : Kaf and makfuf? No, that is "in." That is "in," there is no kaf or makfuf. Yes, come on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Parse it. Parse what we need to explain ... Parse it.
The student: Either.
The Shaykh : .
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Either this ... .
The student: "In" conditional, "ma" entered it.
The Shaykh : "Ma" is an extra letter for emphasis.
The student: For emphasis.
The Shaykh : Yes, "in" conditional, "ma" is extra for emphasis.
The student: "Tari'na" (you see) is a present tense verb, uninflected, uninflected on kasr, uninflected on kasr due to its attachment.
The Shaykh : Is the present tense verb uninflected on kasr, Shaykh? It is uninflected either on fath or on sukun, there is nothing else.
The student: Uninflected on kasr due to its attachment.
The Shaykh : It is not possible, O Abd al-Rahman, for it to be uninflected on kasr. The present tense verb is uninflected either on fath or on sukun, nothing else.
The student: Uninflected on sukun ... .
The Shaykh : This is not acceptable.
The student: Shaykh, now it is kasr.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: "Tari'na" ... so the letter of lenition was deleted ... .
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and may Allah send prayers and blessings upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) stated that the present tense verb is divided into two categories: inflected and uninflected. The uninflected verb is one to which the emphatic nun or the women's nun is attached. The condition for the emphatic nun is that it be attached directly, to avoid cases where it is attached in form but not in meaning. Now, if the women's nun is attached, on what is the verb uninflected?
The student: On sukun (stillness).
The Shaykh : For example.
The student: Like "kilbasna" (they wear).
The Shaykh : Like "kilbasna."
The student: "Yalbasna" (they wear).
The Shaykh : Like "yalbasna." Good, now parse it.
The student: "Yalbas" is a present tense verb, uninflected on sukun.
The Shaykh : Due to its attachment.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In the position of.
The student: In the position of nominative.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... A connected pronoun, uninflected on sukun.
The Shaykh : A connected pronoun, uninflected on sukun. "Yalbasna."
The student: Built on the fathah.
The Shaykh : Uninflected on fath (opening), in the position of nominative, as the subject. Good, another example. Another example of a present tense verb to which the women's nun is attached. Ah.
The student: "Ya'lamna" (they know).
The Shaykh : "Ya'lamna." Good, parse "ya'lamna." Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Ya'lam" is a present tense verb. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Complete it, my brother.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected on sukun due to its attachment to the women's nun, in the position of.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In the position of nominative. Good, and the nun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : And the nun of the women is the subject, uninflected, in the position of. Go on, in the position of what? Good, you said it is uninflected on sukun, but you pronounced it with an opening, saying "ya'lamna." How do we reconcile your parsing with your pronunciation?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, the verb is uninflected on sukun, "ya'lamna," but the nun, you said it is the women's nun, the subject, uninflected on sukun, in the position of nominative. Ah, so it is uninflected on what?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, uninflected on fath, in the position of nominative, as the subject. Good, the emphatic nun. "Layusajanna" (he will surely be imprisoned). This example, "layusajanna," its parsing.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : This example, "layusajanna," its parsing. The lam, the lam, no.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Nourshan.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It is a preparatory particle for the oath, its meaning is "By Allah, he will surely be imprisoned." Good, the lam is a preparatory particle for the oath. "Yusajanna."
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Yusaj" is a present tense verb, uninflected. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Due to its attachment to the emphatic nun, in the position of nominative. Good, and the nun. Yes, and the nun is the emphatic nun, uninflected on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : It has no position in parsing. Ah, what do you say? Yes, correct, because the emphatic nun is a letter, and a letter has no position in parsing. Good.
And let them be among the humbled
وليكوننْ من الصاغرينThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : The waw is a conjunction. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In the position of nominative. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The nun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, it has no position in parsing. Good, what is the difference between "layusajanna" and "layakunna"?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, correct. Good, I do not know. If I say: "Do not be lazy in seeking knowledge," "Do not be lazy in seeking knowledge," we parse "takasala" (be lazy) as a present tense verb, uninflected on fath, in the position of jussive, in the position of jussive due to the prohibitive la, and the nun is for emphasis. Now look, the verb did not change, whether it was in the nominative or the jussive. Why? Because it is uninflected on fath, and the uninflected does not change with different factors.
Good, Ibn Malik says: "directly". If it is not direct, meaning the nun is attached in form but not in meaning, is it uninflected or not? Yes. Ah, I say: it is not uninflected, it is inflected. Good, and when is that?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say, everyone? It is not direct if the verb is attributed to the alif of duality, the waw of plurality, or the ya of address. Clear? Good, the saying of Allah the Exalted:
Then you will surely be asked that Day about pleasure.
ثم لتسألن يومئذ عن النعيمThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : Then, "thumma" is a conjunction. "Thumma" is a conjunction. The lam.
The student: A preparatory particle for the oath.
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : "Latas'ala" (you will surely be asked). You read it, then "latas'ala" is uninflected on sukun. "Latas'ala" is with a damma. Wait, Shaykh, we are learning now.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected on what?
The student: On the damma.
The Shaykh : On damma? It is not possible for it to be uninflected on damma. The present tense verb is uninflected either on fath or on sukun, there is nothing else.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : How do you read it in the Book of Allah? You read
Alhaakum al-takaathur
ألهاكم التكاثرThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : ... Good, Abd al-Malik.
The student: A present tense verb ... .
The Shaykh : What is omitted?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The subject? No.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, exactly.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, Ahmad.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : The passive subject for "latas'ala." Good, here, why was it not uninflected on fath, even though the emphatic nun is attached to it? It is attached to it in form, not in meaning. Good.
I think we mentioned in the previous lesson the conflict between the waw and the nun. Each one says, "Why is it deleted? I am not deleted, I am more deserving." And we explained what? The right to remain, and that the nun of the nominative is the one that was deleted, not the emphatic nun. Correct, because it is deleted in the jussive and the accusative, so it is not strange that it is deleted when similar letters follow one another. And because if the emphatic nun is deleted, the meaning is disrupted. Good.
And the waw was deleted due to the meeting of two static letters, because the emphatic nun is doubled and is deleted when two static letters meet. Because this rule is that if two static letters meet, and the first is a letter of lenition, it is deleted. Good, Allah the Exalted said:
Then We will surely question those to whom [a message] was sent
فلنسألن الذين أرسل إليهمSo let us ask
فلنسألنThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected. Why?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Attached to the emphatic nun. Well done. Parse
So let us ask
فلنسألنThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : And the lam is a preparatory particle for the oath. We ask.
The student: A present tense verb, a present tense verb.
The Shaykh : Uninflected. Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Uninflected on fath due to its attachment.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : No, my brother, to the emphatic nun. Due to its attachment to the emphatic nun, in the position of nominative. You say: Uninflected on fath due to its attachment to the emphatic nun, in the position of nominative, and the nun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Where is the subject?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Hidden by necessity?
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Hidden by necessity, because if the pronoun is estimated to be "I" or "we," it is hidden by necessity. And if it is estimated to be "he" or "she," it is hidden by permission. Clear, everyone? Good, parsing. O Abd al-Rahman ibn Dawud, Allah the Exalted said:
And if you see from among humanity anyone
فإما تريِنّ من البشر أحداAnd if you see from among humanity anyone
فإما ترين من البشر أحداThe student: The fa ... .
The Shaykh : A conjunction here, a conjunction. Yes.
The student: Either a conditional.
The Shaykh : Either a conditional, like that. That is "in" (if) conditional.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : What do you say? Either a conditional, Mansur. Ah.
The student: Kaf and makfuf.
The Shaykh : What?
The student: Kaf and makfuf.
The Shaykh : Kaf and makfuf? No, that is "in." That is "in," there is no kaf or makfuf. Yes, come on.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Parse it. Parse what we need to explain ... Parse it.
The student: Either.
The Shaykh :
So if you see
فإما تريِّنThe student: ... .
The Shaykh : Either this ... .
The student: "In" conditional, "ma" entered it.
The Shaykh : "Ma" is an extra letter for emphasis.
The student: For emphasis.
The Shaykh : Yes, "in" conditional, "ma" is extra for emphasis.
The student: "Tari'na" (you see) is a present tense verb, uninflected, uninflected on kasr, uninflected on kasr due to its attachment.
The Shaykh : Is the present tense verb uninflected on kasr, Shaykh? It is uninflected either on fath or on sukun, there is nothing else.
The student: Uninflected on kasr due to its attachment.
The Shaykh : It is not possible, O Abd al-Rahman, for it to be uninflected on kasr. The present tense verb is uninflected either on fath or on sukun, nothing else.
The student: Uninflected on sukun ... .
The Shaykh : This is not acceptable.
The student: Shaykh, now it is kasr.
The Shaykh : Incorrect.
The student: "Tari'na" ... so the letter of lenition was deleted ... .