The Ruling on a Mahram for a Woman in Travel, Hajj, and Other Matters

Question:
A group of women going out for Hajj without a mahram?

Answer:
This is not permissible; the hadiths cover this.
Q: Some female teachers go abroad for half a day and then return?
A: What appears to me is that it is prohibited. The apparent indication of the Sunnah is prohibition. However, some scholars are lenient regarding a group of women. But I do not see a basis for leniency in this matter, because it opens the door to serious evil. Therefore, it is obligatory to adhere to the Sunnah.
Q: They say it is from the perspective of academic necessity?
A: Where is the necessity? Every country seeks its teachers from there, or else her wali (guardian) accompanies her: her brother, her uncle, or her husband. He should be patient.
Q: Even if the driver has his wife with him?
A: Even if he has his wife with him, she is not a mahram for them.
Q: Traveling with a maid for Hajj?
A: Even for Hajj, the condition for its obligation upon her is the presence of a mahram, because the hadiths are general.
Q: A mahram for travel by plane?
A: And by plane and car, all of it. She does not travel by plane or by car except with a mahram.
Q: If he is below the age of puberty?
A: No, the mahram must be of age (baligh).
Q: Some maids are sent without a mahram?
A: The sin is upon the one who sent her. Even a maid is not sent except with a mahram, who takes her there and returns.
Q: A boy who distinguishes right from wrong (mumayyiz)?
A: Reaching the age of puberty is necessary.
Q: If he is insane?
A: No, he must be of sound mind. An insane person harms her and does not benefit her.