What is obligatory for one who enters Ramadan with days of fasting to make up from the previous year?
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Question:
He says: I was ill last year with an illness that prevented me from fasting the month of Ramadan. I intended to make up the fast on other days, but I am still ill to this day. What is obligatory for me? Do I have to pay expiation, or what should I do? And if there is an expiation, what is its amount in our days in terms of riyals? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
For the sick person, Allah has made his matter easy and granted him a dispensation to delay it. Allah the Exalted said: [al-Baqarah:185]. So if he is ill and fasting is difficult for him, it is prescribed for him to delay the fasting until Allah heals him, and then he makes it up. He owes no expiation, neither in money nor otherwise; because Allah, Mighty and Majestic, said: [al-Baqarah:185], meaning: so if he breaks his fast, he owes a number of other days. Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: Sahih al-Bukhari 1950.
So the summary is that the sick person, and likewise the menstruating woman and the woman with post-natal bleeding, each of them makes up the fast afterwards. The menstruating woman breaks her fast during the days of menstruation, and the woman with post-natal bleeding breaks her fast during the days of post-natal bleeding in Ramadan, and then they both make it up. And so with the sick person, and so with the traveler. It is prescribed for him to break his fast while traveling, and the sick person breaks his fast because of the illness. Then each of them makes it up afterwards: the sick person makes it up when Allah heals him, and the traveler makes it up when he returns from his journey, throughout the days of the year.
But one who is unable to make up the fast due to an illness that is not expected to end, where the doctors have determined that it is not expected to end and that it will continue with him, he owes no making up of the fast. Rather, he feeds one poor person for every day. He feeds one poor person for every day half a sa' (a dry measure of about 3 kg), which is approximately one and a half kilograms by weight. One and a half kilograms approximately of the staple food of the country, whether dates, wheat, barley, or rice. He gives it to the poor, even if it is to one poor person, gathering the days that are upon him and paying the expiation for them to one poor person or more, in Ramadan or after Ramadan. And the better is to hasten it in Ramadan.
And so with the old woman and the old man who are unable to fast. Each of them owes no fasting, but he feeds one poor person for every day half a sa' of the staple food of the country, which is approximately one and a half kilograms by weight, just like the sick person whose recovery is not expected. They owe no making up of the fast due to their inability to fast, and feeding them is sufficient.
And if a Muslim delays the fasting without an excuse until another Ramadan comes and he has not fasted without an excuse, then he owes both the making up of the fast and the expiation together, combining them. He fasts what is upon him and pays expiation, if he is able, by feeding one poor person for every day. He combines the making up of the fast with the expiation; because he was negligent in delaying it without a legal excuse. If he is unable because he is poor, fasting suffices him and the expiation is dropped from him due to his poverty. This is how a group of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) issued a ruling regarding one who delays the fasting without an excuse. May Allah guide them all.
The presenter: O Allah, amen. May Allah reward you with good.
The presenter: Mentioning the riyals - Your Eminence the Shaykh - as expiation, I do not know...?
The Shaykh: No. The expiation is by feeding, not by dirhams.
The presenter: Not by dirhams?
The Shaykh: Yes. The expiation is by feeding, as mentioned before. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good.
He says: I was ill last year with an illness that prevented me from fasting the month of Ramadan. I intended to make up the fast on other days, but I am still ill to this day. What is obligatory for me? Do I have to pay expiation, or what should I do? And if there is an expiation, what is its amount in our days in terms of riyals? May Allah reward you with good.
Answer:
For the sick person, Allah has made his matter easy and granted him a dispensation to delay it. Allah the Exalted said:
and whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days
وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَand whoever is ill or on a journey - then an equal number of other days
وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَSometimes I missed some days of Ramadan, but could not fast in lieu of them except in the month of Sha'ban.
كان يكون علي الصوم من رمضان فما أستطيع أن أقضي إلا في شعبان لمكان رسول الله عليه الصلاة والسلامSo the summary is that the sick person, and likewise the menstruating woman and the woman with post-natal bleeding, each of them makes up the fast afterwards. The menstruating woman breaks her fast during the days of menstruation, and the woman with post-natal bleeding breaks her fast during the days of post-natal bleeding in Ramadan, and then they both make it up. And so with the sick person, and so with the traveler. It is prescribed for him to break his fast while traveling, and the sick person breaks his fast because of the illness. Then each of them makes it up afterwards: the sick person makes it up when Allah heals him, and the traveler makes it up when he returns from his journey, throughout the days of the year.
But one who is unable to make up the fast due to an illness that is not expected to end, where the doctors have determined that it is not expected to end and that it will continue with him, he owes no making up of the fast. Rather, he feeds one poor person for every day. He feeds one poor person for every day half a sa' (a dry measure of about 3 kg), which is approximately one and a half kilograms by weight. One and a half kilograms approximately of the staple food of the country, whether dates, wheat, barley, or rice. He gives it to the poor, even if it is to one poor person, gathering the days that are upon him and paying the expiation for them to one poor person or more, in Ramadan or after Ramadan. And the better is to hasten it in Ramadan.
And so with the old woman and the old man who are unable to fast. Each of them owes no fasting, but he feeds one poor person for every day half a sa' of the staple food of the country, which is approximately one and a half kilograms by weight, just like the sick person whose recovery is not expected. They owe no making up of the fast due to their inability to fast, and feeding them is sufficient.
And if a Muslim delays the fasting without an excuse until another Ramadan comes and he has not fasted without an excuse, then he owes both the making up of the fast and the expiation together, combining them. He fasts what is upon him and pays expiation, if he is able, by feeding one poor person for every day. He combines the making up of the fast with the expiation; because he was negligent in delaying it without a legal excuse. If he is unable because he is poor, fasting suffices him and the expiation is dropped from him due to his poverty. This is how a group of the Companions of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) issued a ruling regarding one who delays the fasting without an excuse. May Allah guide them all.
The presenter: O Allah, amen. May Allah reward you with good.
The presenter: Mentioning the riyals - Your Eminence the Shaykh - as expiation, I do not know...?
The Shaykh: No. The expiation is by feeding, not by dirhams.
The presenter: Not by dirhams?
The Shaykh: Yes. The expiation is by feeding, as mentioned before. Yes.
The presenter: May Allah reward you with good.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.