Continuation of the explanation of Ibn Malik’s (may Allah have mercy on him) saying: “Specificity is like a vocative without ‘ya’ *** like ‘O young man’ following ‘hope in me.’”

The Shaykh : We ask Allah (Mighty and Majestic) that He have mercy on you, so you say: “O Lord, forgive Your weak servant,” and the like. You are thus humbling yourself before Him. The grammatical analysis: “Hope in me” (irjuni); “hope” (irju) is a verb of command, the nun is for protection, and the ya is the object. What about the waw? In “hope in me” (irjuni), the waw is the subject for the plural, like the saying of Allah the Exalted: “Hope in me” (irjuni) is on the pattern of “Call upon me” (ud'uni). So “hope” (irj) is a verb of command built on the deletion of the nun, the waw is the subject, the nun is for protection, and the ya? It is the object. “O young man” — how do we analyze “O” (ayya)? They say that “ay” (ay) is the object of a deleted verb, the estimation being: “I specify O young man.” You do not say “O O young man” (ya ayya al-fata); you do not say it is a vocative; you do not say it is a vocative, and this is strange. They say that if you said it was a vocative, it is not customary for a person to call out here? To call out to himself. But if you said: “I specify O young man,” it is correct. For this reason, they say that “ay” (ay) is an object, an object built on the damma in the position of accusative, built on the damma in the position of accusative, and “ha” (ha) is for emphasis, and “the young man” (al-fata) is a description for “ay” (ay), a description for “ay” following its form. We said it follows its form because if we replaced “the young man” (al-fata), which is a short word, if we replaced it with a word ending in a sound letter and said “hope in me O man” (irjuni ayya al-rajulu), “O man” (ayya al-rajulu) following the form, then “the man” (al-rajul) is a description for “ay” (ay) following its form, so it is built on the damma in the position of accusative. Put down your pens. Is it clear now?
The student: Yes, indeed.

The Shaykh : The grammatical analysis, a second time: “Hope” (irju) is a verb of command built on the deletion of the nun, the waw is the subject, the nun is for protection, and the ya is the object. “Ay” (ay) here? Do we say it is a vocative, or is it an object for a deleted verb?
The student: It is the object of the verb.

The Shaykh : It is an object for a deleted verb, built on the damma in the position of accusative, and “ha” (ha) is for emphasis, and “the young man” (al-fata) is a description for “ay” (ay), a description for “ay” following its form, so it is raised with a hidden damma on its end, the difficulty preventing its appearance. The author said: “And it may be seen”