Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: {Disavowal from Allah and His Messenger...} the verse
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Q: A questioner asks about the exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: [Surah al-Tawbah: 1].
A: This verse was revealed at the end of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) life. The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had made a known treaty with some of the polytheists, an absolute treaty with others, and had no treaty with some others. So Allah revealed this verse containing disavowal from the polytheists and the casting aside of the treaties to them; for this reason, He, the Exalted, said:[At-Tawbah 9:1-2] the verse [At-Tawbah: 1 - 2]. So Allah, the Exalted, commanded His Messenger to disavow them. Whoever had a treaty was to remain in it until its term expired, and whoever had an absolute treaty or no treaty, Allah granted them four months. He sent al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) and 'Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) and those with them in the year nine of the Hijrah to announce during the season that whoever had a treaty with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was to remain in it until its term expired, and whoever had no treaty or had an absolute treaty had four months. After that, they would be at war with the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) unless they entered into Islam. This is the meaning of the verse according to the people of knowledge.
[This is a declaration of] disassociation, from Allah and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists.
بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَA: This verse was revealed at the end of the Prophet’s (peace and blessings be upon him) life. The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) had made a known treaty with some of the polytheists, an absolute treaty with others, and had no treaty with some others. So Allah revealed this verse containing disavowal from the polytheists and the casting aside of the treaties to them; for this reason, He, the Exalted, said:
(1) [This is a declaration of] disassociation, from Allah and His Messenger, to those with whom you had made a treaty among the polytheists. (2) So travel freely, [O disbelievers], throughout the land [during] four months
بَرَاءَةٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ إِلَى الَّذِينَ عَاهَدْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَسِيحُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.