Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: {Except those with whom you have made a treaty among the polytheists...}
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The question: He also asks about the exegesis of the fourth verse of the noble Surah: [Surah al-Tawbah: 4]?
The answer: According to its apparent meaning, Allah commanded him to fulfill their treaty with them, as long as they do not alter and break the treaty or support the enemies of the Muslims. If they support them, it is obligatory to fight them, and if they break the treaty, likewise. Therefore, when Quraysh assisted Banu Bakr against Khuzaa'ah, the treaty of Quraysh and Banu Bakr was broken, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fought them; he campaigned against Makkah and conquered it in the year eight of the Hijrah because of their breaking of the treaty. This was because Khuzaa'ah were under the alliance and treaty of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Banu Bakr were under the treaty and alliance of Quraysh. So Banu Bakr threatened Khuzaa'ah, meaning they transgressed against them and attacked them suddenly, raiding them unexpectedly and fighting them, while they were under the alliance of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). So they sought the help of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him to support them, and he promised them victory. And Quraysh had assisted them with money and weapons. Therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) campaigned against them, and Allah opened Makkah for him because of their breaking of the treaty. He had made a treaty with them for ten years, so when they broke the treaty by assisting Banu Bakr, their treaty was broken, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) campaigned against them, and Allah opened [Makkah] for him. Yes.
Excepted are those with whom you made a treaty among the polytheists and then they have not been deficient toward you in anything or supported anyone against you; so complete for them their treaty until their term [has ended]. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous [who fear Him].
إِلَّا الَّذِينَ عَاهَدتُّمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَنقُصُوكُمْ شَيْئًا وَلَمْ يُظَاهِرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّوا إِلَيْهِمْ عَهْدَهُمْ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُتَّقِينَThe answer: According to its apparent meaning, Allah commanded him to fulfill their treaty with them, as long as they do not alter and break the treaty or support the enemies of the Muslims. If they support them, it is obligatory to fight them, and if they break the treaty, likewise. Therefore, when Quraysh assisted Banu Bakr against Khuzaa'ah, the treaty of Quraysh and Banu Bakr was broken, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) fought them; he campaigned against Makkah and conquered it in the year eight of the Hijrah because of their breaking of the treaty. This was because Khuzaa'ah were under the alliance and treaty of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), and Banu Bakr were under the treaty and alliance of Quraysh. So Banu Bakr threatened Khuzaa'ah, meaning they transgressed against them and attacked them suddenly, raiding them unexpectedly and fighting them, while they were under the alliance of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). So they sought the help of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked him to support them, and he promised them victory. And Quraysh had assisted them with money and weapons. Therefore, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) campaigned against them, and Allah opened Makkah for him because of their breaking of the treaty. He had made a treaty with them for ten years, so when they broke the treaty by assisting Banu Bakr, their treaty was broken, and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) campaigned against them, and Allah opened [Makkah] for him. Yes.
Source
binbaz.org.sa
The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.