The Discussion on the Marker of the Dual
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The student: Both (kulta) is a nominative subject raised by a hidden dammah on the alif.
The Shaykh : Its appearance is prevented.
The student: Because it is annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : But what prevents its appearance?
The student: Impossibility.
The Shaykh : Impossibility. Why is it raised by a hidden dammah? Why is it raised by a hidden dammah?
The student: Because it is ... to an apparent noun.
The Shaykh : To an apparent noun. Is it annexed to the dual?
The student: It is not considered annexed.
The Shaykh : Now it is not considered annexed because it is inflected like the dual. Okay, come on, Ahmad. "The two came, Abu Bakr and Umar." "The two came, Abu Bakr and Umar." Parse it.
The student: Came is a past tense verb. The two is a description for Abu Bakr and Umar.
The Shaykh : A description before the described? "The two came, Abu Bakr and Umar."
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, yes, because
The student: It is dual.
The Shaykh : Dual. We said the dual is what indicates two or two females by an addition that suffices for two coordinated things that agree in form and meaning ... We said, do Abu Bakr and Umar agree in form? So "the two" is not dual. Hmm ...
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In place of the dammah, the alif is present.
The student: Raised by the alif.
The Shaykh : Yes, raised by the alif in place of the dammah, because ... Okay, I will give you a rule that is difficult for you. We said there are four things annexed to the dual. Whenever something is inflected like the dual but its conditions do not apply to it, it is annexed to the dual. This is the rule: "Anything that is inflected like the dual but its conditions do not apply to it is annexed to the dual". "The two" is the subject, raised, and its marker of raising is the alif in place of the dammah because it is annexed to the dual.
The student: ... It is annexed.
The Shaykh : And Umar ... is annexed to the dual.
The student: "The two" is annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : So, based on this, why was it annexed to the dual?
The student: Because it was impossible ...
The Shaykh : Because it was inflected like it, but its conditions did not apply to it. Good, you did well. Perfect.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Parse it.
The student: Abu is a substitute.
The Shaykh : Abu Bakr is a substitute. Complete it, and a substitute for the raised noun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : And a substitute for the raised noun.
The student: It is a dependent.
The Shaykh : A dependent on the raised noun.
The student: With the waw.
The Shaykh : I say, a dependent on the raised noun. What will it be?
The student: A dependent on the raised noun by the waw.
The Shaykh : A dependent on the raised noun is raised, and its marker of raising is.
The student: The waw.
The Shaykh : Complete it. In place of.
The student: In place of the dammah.
The Shaykh : Because it is.
The student: Because it is from the five nouns.
The Shaykh : Yes, you did well. Abu is a proper noun.
The student: And Bakr is the noun to which it is added.
The Shaykh : Okay, and Umar. The waw, no.
The student: Coordinated with Bakr, and Abu is the noun to which it is added.
The Shaykh : Umar is coordinated with Bakr, not with Abu?
The student: With Abu, with Abu, with Abu.
The Shaykh : Okay, and the coordinated with the raised noun.
The student: Raised.
The Shaykh : And its marker of raising is.
The student: Its marker of raising is the dammah because it is singular.
The Shaykh : You did well. Raised by the dammah because it is singular. Praise be to Allah. So we have now benefited. We have returned to the parsing of what? The five nouns and the singular. Okay, a substitute for part of the whole. Hmm. "The two women stood." The other.
The student: Stood is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Stood is a past tense verb, and the taa is for femininity. The taa is for femininity. "The two women stood." Look, whenever "stood" comes, what follows it is raised. If it becomes the subject, it is raised. Yes, you, yes.
The student: The two women is the subject.
The Shaykh : It is the subject (fa'il).
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Because it is dual or annexed?
The student: Dual.
The Shaykh : What do you say, everyone? Because "the two women" is a substitute for "the woman," and "the woman" ... Okay, you understood, my brother. Ah, "the two women" is the subject, raised, and its marker of raising is the alif in place of the dammah because it is dual. Perfect. Okay, come on, Adam: "I planted the two cars." Perfect. "Planted" is a past tense verb, and the taa. "Planted." Ah, the taa of femininity. "The two cars."
The student: The subject.
The Shaykh : The subject. And the subject, what will it be? And what?
The student: It will be raised.
The Shaykh : Raised. Yes. "The two cars" is the subject. The subject is raised.
The student: The doer (fa'il) in the nominative case.
The Shaykh : And its marker of raising is.
The student: ... The two cars.
The Shaykh : ... Perfect. Yes, listen to the parsing. Yes. "I planted the two cars." "Planted" is past tense, and the taa is for femininity. Parse it, Adam.
The student: The two cars is the subject.
The Shaykh : The two cars is the subject, raised.
The student: Raised ...
The Shaykh : I said "I planted the two cars."
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... How did the verb occur? The verb is raised. Yes.
The student: The subject is raised by the dammah.
The Shaykh : How by the dammah? Where is the dammah? Everyone makes mistakes, my brother. Everyone makes mistakes and does not get it right. The one who does not make mistakes does not get it right. Yes.
The student: The two cars.
The Shaykh : Okay. Is "the two cars" one or two?
The student: Twice.
The Shaykh : The dual. What is it raised by?
The student: The dual is raised by the alif.
The Shaykh : So we say "the two cars." "The two cars." Say, I made a mistake. The correct form is "I planted the two cars." Ah, okay.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, it is originally from "planting." Planting does not happen; it goes into the ground. Planting is planting a stick in the ground. Okay.
So "the two cars" is the subject, raised, and its marker of raising is the alif in place of the dammah because it is dual. Okay. "The two moons shone." The other. You, yes.
The student: Shone is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : The two moons.
The student: The two moons ...
The Shaykh : No, we say the sun and the moon.
The student: Annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : Parse it. Parse "the two moons" as the subject.
The student: The subject is raised by the alif.
The Shaykh : By the alif in place of.
The student: The dammah.
The Shaykh : Yes, because it is.
The student: Annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : Annexed to the dual. Is that correct, everyone? Because we took a rule. What is the rule? "Anything that is inflected like the dual but its conditions do not apply to it is annexed to it". Okay, do we take a lesson or is it not enough for us?
The Shaykh : Its appearance is prevented.
The student: Because it is annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : But what prevents its appearance?
The student: Impossibility.
The Shaykh : Impossibility. Why is it raised by a hidden dammah? Why is it raised by a hidden dammah?
The student: Because it is ... to an apparent noun.
The Shaykh : To an apparent noun. Is it annexed to the dual?
The student: It is not considered annexed.
The Shaykh : Now it is not considered annexed because it is inflected like the dual. Okay, come on, Ahmad. "The two came, Abu Bakr and Umar." "The two came, Abu Bakr and Umar." Parse it.
The student: Came is a past tense verb. The two is a description for Abu Bakr and Umar.
The Shaykh : A description before the described? "The two came, Abu Bakr and Umar."
The student: ...
The Shaykh : Yes, yes, because
The student: It is dual.
The Shaykh : Dual. We said the dual is what indicates two or two females by an addition that suffices for two coordinated things that agree in form and meaning ... We said, do Abu Bakr and Umar agree in form? So "the two" is not dual. Hmm ...
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : In place of the dammah, the alif is present.
The student: Raised by the alif.
The Shaykh : Yes, raised by the alif in place of the dammah, because ... Okay, I will give you a rule that is difficult for you. We said there are four things annexed to the dual. Whenever something is inflected like the dual but its conditions do not apply to it, it is annexed to the dual. This is the rule: "Anything that is inflected like the dual but its conditions do not apply to it is annexed to the dual". "The two" is the subject, raised, and its marker of raising is the alif in place of the dammah because it is annexed to the dual.
The student: ... It is annexed.
The Shaykh : And Umar ... is annexed to the dual.
The student: "The two" is annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : So, based on this, why was it annexed to the dual?
The student: Because it was impossible ...
The Shaykh : Because it was inflected like it, but its conditions did not apply to it. Good, you did well. Perfect.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Parse it.
The student: Abu is a substitute.
The Shaykh : Abu Bakr is a substitute. Complete it, and a substitute for the raised noun.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : And a substitute for the raised noun.
The student: It is a dependent.
The Shaykh : A dependent on the raised noun.
The student: With the waw.
The Shaykh : I say, a dependent on the raised noun. What will it be?
The student: A dependent on the raised noun by the waw.
The Shaykh : A dependent on the raised noun is raised, and its marker of raising is.
The student: The waw.
The Shaykh : Complete it. In place of.
The student: In place of the dammah.
The Shaykh : Because it is.
The student: Because it is from the five nouns.
The Shaykh : Yes, you did well. Abu is a proper noun.
The student: And Bakr is the noun to which it is added.
The Shaykh : Okay, and Umar. The waw, no.
The student: Coordinated with Bakr, and Abu is the noun to which it is added.
The Shaykh : Umar is coordinated with Bakr, not with Abu?
The student: With Abu, with Abu, with Abu.
The Shaykh : Okay, and the coordinated with the raised noun.
The student: Raised.
The Shaykh : And its marker of raising is.
The student: Its marker of raising is the dammah because it is singular.
The Shaykh : You did well. Raised by the dammah because it is singular. Praise be to Allah. So we have now benefited. We have returned to the parsing of what? The five nouns and the singular. Okay, a substitute for part of the whole. Hmm. "The two women stood." The other.
The student: Stood is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : Stood is a past tense verb, and the taa is for femininity. The taa is for femininity. "The two women stood." Look, whenever "stood" comes, what follows it is raised. If it becomes the subject, it is raised. Yes, you, yes.
The student: The two women is the subject.
The Shaykh : It is the subject (fa'il).
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Because it is dual or annexed?
The student: Dual.
The Shaykh : What do you say, everyone? Because "the two women" is a substitute for "the woman," and "the woman" ... Okay, you understood, my brother. Ah, "the two women" is the subject, raised, and its marker of raising is the alif in place of the dammah because it is dual. Perfect. Okay, come on, Adam: "I planted the two cars." Perfect. "Planted" is a past tense verb, and the taa. "Planted." Ah, the taa of femininity. "The two cars."
The student: The subject.
The Shaykh : The subject. And the subject, what will it be? And what?
The student: It will be raised.
The Shaykh : Raised. Yes. "The two cars" is the subject. The subject is raised.
The student: The doer (fa'il) in the nominative case.
The Shaykh : And its marker of raising is.
The student: ... The two cars.
The Shaykh : ... Perfect. Yes, listen to the parsing. Yes. "I planted the two cars." "Planted" is past tense, and the taa is for femininity. Parse it, Adam.
The student: The two cars is the subject.
The Shaykh : The two cars is the subject, raised.
The student: Raised ...
The Shaykh : I said "I planted the two cars."
The student: ...
The Shaykh : ... How did the verb occur? The verb is raised. Yes.
The student: The subject is raised by the dammah.
The Shaykh : How by the dammah? Where is the dammah? Everyone makes mistakes, my brother. Everyone makes mistakes and does not get it right. The one who does not make mistakes does not get it right. Yes.
The student: The two cars.
The Shaykh : Okay. Is "the two cars" one or two?
The student: Twice.
The Shaykh : The dual. What is it raised by?
The student: The dual is raised by the alif.
The Shaykh : So we say "the two cars." "The two cars." Say, I made a mistake. The correct form is "I planted the two cars." Ah, okay.
The student: ... .
The Shaykh : Yes, it is originally from "planting." Planting does not happen; it goes into the ground. Planting is planting a stick in the ground. Okay.
So "the two cars" is the subject, raised, and its marker of raising is the alif in place of the dammah because it is dual. Okay. "The two moons shone." The other. You, yes.
The student: Shone is a past tense verb.
The Shaykh : The two moons.
The student: The two moons ...
The Shaykh : No, we say the sun and the moon.
The student: Annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : Parse it. Parse "the two moons" as the subject.
The student: The subject is raised by the alif.
The Shaykh : By the alif in place of.
The student: The dammah.
The Shaykh : Yes, because it is.
The student: Annexed to the dual.
The Shaykh : Annexed to the dual. Is that correct, everyone? Because we took a rule. What is the rule? "Anything that is inflected like the dual but its conditions do not apply to it is annexed to it". Okay, do we take a lesson or is it not enough for us?