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﴿ فَاسْأَلُوا أَهْلَ الذِّكْرِ إِن كُنتُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾

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How to calculate zakah on mixed livestock and the ruling on the 'Id sacrifice for the members of one household

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Question:
His second question says: I live with my father, my mother, and my brothers, and we own a number of sheep, but each of us has a specific portion of them. What should we do regarding their zakah? Do we pay zakah on them all together, or does each person pay zakah only on his own portion? What is the ruling if the total does not reach the nisab? Also, regarding the 'Id sacrifice, is one sheep sufficient for all of us, or not?

Answer:
If you are all mixed together in your camels, sheep, or cattle in the pen and the pasture, then you have one zakah obligation. You must pay it all together if you are mixed. For example, if there are five camels grazing freely, then you owe one sheep, shared among you, with each person responsible for a share according to his portion of the camels. Similarly, if you are partners in cattle, for example, thirty cows among five people, each having six, then you owe the tibi' (a one-year-old camel) in shares of one-fifth each. Likewise, if there are forty cows among you, each having ten, then you owe a musinnah (a two-year-old camel), and you are responsible for its value in quarters. The same applies to sheep: if you have forty sheep grazing, then you owe zakah all together, and there is one sheep whose value is shared among you. If one of you pays it, he recovers his share of the value from the others. If there are forty sheep among ten people, each is responsible for one-tenth. If they are among four people, each is responsible for one-quarter, and so on.
However, if each of you has a specific, separate portion that he tends to himself, grazing it on his own, then if it reaches the nisab, he pays zakah on it; otherwise, he does not. For example, if each of you has ten sheep grazing separately, then he owes no zakah until he reaches forty grazing sheep. The same applies to cattle: if there are thirty cows among you, but each person is independent, having ten, five, or six cows that he tends separately, then he owes no zakah because he has not reached the nisab. Similarly, for camels: if you have, for example, ten camels, and each person has two or three that he tends separately, he owes no zakah until he reaches five camels, which is the minimum nisab.
As for the sacrificial animal, one sacrifice is sufficient for all of you if you are all in one house, meaning: you all eat together mixed. The sacrifice is sufficient for you. Abu Ayyub (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "A man among us in the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) would sacrifice one sheep for himself and his family, and they would eat and give it in charity." And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) sacrificed one sheep for himself and his family (may Allah's prayers and peace be upon him), and he had nine wives along with the daughters he had.
The point is that one sacrifice is sufficient for you if you are all in the house, meaning your food is one, and you share in the food. Then the single sacrifice is sufficient for all of you, even if you are many, including your wives and children. However, if each person is in a separate house, then each person sacrifices. This is the sunnah: each person sacrifices for himself and his household with a separate sacrifice. Yes.
Source binbaz.org.sa

The Arabic text is copied verbatim from the original source, without any edits.

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