Exegesis of the saying of Allah the Exalted: "Indeed, every soul has a guardian over it."
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The Shaykh :[At-Tariq 86:4] I will ask whoever has some knowledge of grammar about "in" and "lamma"; who is prepared? O people, you are Arabs, and grammar is for correcting the Arabic language, come on.
All right, I say: if "in" were removed and replaced with "ma," and "lamma" were removed and replaced with "illa," and it were said: "Ma kull nafsin illa 'alayha hafiz" (No soul is without a guardian over it), would the speech be correct or not? "Ma kull nafsin illa 'alayha hafiz," is this the meaning or a different meaning? It is this meaning, but of course, we do not change the Qur'an; the Qur'an is recited as it was. So "in" is in place of "ma," and "lamma" is in place of "illa." Thus, "in" is a negator, and "lamma" means "except." The meaning of the noble verse is: "No soul is without a guardian over it." Every soul has a guardian over it. This is like His saying, the Exalted:[Al-Infitar 82:9-11] And like His saying, the Exalted: [Qaf 50:16-17] Every person has a guardian who preserves what he says and what he does, and what is written for him or against him. Beware, my brother. If you had a man appointed to count what you say and what you do, and he had full authority in that matter, would you fear disobeying this authority? Answer, my son.
The student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes. So now, you have a guardian from Allah, Mighty and Majestic.
There is no soul but that it has over it a protector.
إن كل نفسٍ لما عليها حافظAll right, I say: if "in" were removed and replaced with "ma," and "lamma" were removed and replaced with "illa," and it were said: "Ma kull nafsin illa 'alayha hafiz" (No soul is without a guardian over it), would the speech be correct or not? "Ma kull nafsin illa 'alayha hafiz," is this the meaning or a different meaning? It is this meaning, but of course, we do not change the Qur'an; the Qur'an is recited as it was. So "in" is in place of "ma," and "lamma" is in place of "illa." Thus, "in" is a negator, and "lamma" means "except." The meaning of the noble verse is: "No soul is without a guardian over it." Every soul has a guardian over it. This is like His saying, the Exalted:
(9) No! But you deny the Recompense. (10) And indeed, [appointed] over you are keepers, (11) Noble and recording;
كلا بل تكذبون بالدين وإن عليكم لحافظين كراما كاتبينand We are closer to him than [his] jugular vein (17) When the two receivers receive, seated on the right and on the left.
ونحن أقرب إليه من حبل الوريد إذ يتلقى المتلقيان عن اليمين وعن الشمال قعيدThe student: Yes.
The Shaykh : Yes. So now, you have a guardian from Allah, Mighty and Majestic.