Continuation of the Explanation of the Hadith: (So the people said, "Yes, O Commander of the Faithful, judge between them and relieve them." Then Malik ibn Aws said, "It seems to me that they had prepared them for this.)
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The reciter: .
The Shaykh : And this dispute and contention between al-'Abbas and 'Ali was well-known among the people, and for this reason they said, "Judge between them and relieve them." And this is the apparent meaning, because they came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) first, then to 'Umar. And such a matter must become well-known among the people, and the attendees would request 'Umar to judge between them so that they would be relieved.
The reader:.
The Shaykh : "Attia" is from "ittiad," which means waiting. It means, wait, and he (may Allah be pleased with him) will speak.
The reader:Ash-Shama'il Al-Muhammadiyah 405Sahih (Zubair `Aliza'i).
The Shaykh : His saying "We are not inherited" means, O fellow prophets, you are not inherited. What you leave behind is charity. As for his saying (Blessed and Exalted is He) regarding Zakariyya:[Maryam 19:5-6], the intended meaning is the inheritance of knowledge, for the scholars are the heirs of the prophets.
And his saying:Sahih Muslim 1759a The Rafidah, who curse Abu Bakr and 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), interpreted it to meanSahih Muslim 1759a But if this were the meaning, the prophets would have no distinction, because every person leaves charity after his death, and it is not inherited. Rather, the meaning is: "We do not inherit," and the sentence ends there. Then he said: "What we leave behind is charity." The word "ma" here means "that which," i.e., that which we leave behind becomes charity. It is also possible that it is a conditional particle, meaning: whatever we leave behind is charity. Yes.
The reader:Sahih Muslim 1757c.
The Shaykh : He first called upon the attendees as witnesses, and they are sufficient in trust and reliability, then he called upon the disputants as witnesses specifically.
The Reciter:Sahih Muslim 1757c
The Shaykh : The narrator says: I do not know, did he recite the verse before it or not.
The reader:Sahih Muslim 1757c.
The Shaykh : "Did not take more" means he did not increase [for himself], and "nor did he take it without you" means he did not take it exclusively.
The reader:Sahih Muslim 1757c.
The Shaykh : Who is this? 'Ali, because he would not be a residuary heir to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the presence of his maternal uncle, because the maternal uncle is more entitled to inheritance than the son of a maternal uncle. But 'Ali came seeking the inheritance of his wife from her father.
The reader:.
The Shaykh : Allah is the Greatest! By Allah, this is the truth.
The reader:.
The Shaykh : In this is defending another with the truth, and defending oneself with the truth as well. So he defended Abu Bakr first, then he defended himself. And by Allah, he is truthful, dutiful, righteous, and following the truth. May Allah help us.
The reader:Sunan al-Bayhaqi 10:183.
The Shaykh : They were initially in agreement, asking 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to give them what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was entitled to from the wealth of Banu Nadir. They came asking, and their command was one, and they were united on it.
The reader:.
The Shaykh : Decisive speech, and wisdom.
So the people said: "Yes, O Commander of the Faithful, judge between them and relieve them."
فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ : أَجَلْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَاقْضِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَأَرِحْهُمThe Shaykh : And this dispute and contention between al-'Abbas and 'Ali was well-known among the people, and for this reason they said, "Judge between them and relieve them." And this is the apparent meaning, because they came to Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) first, then to 'Umar. And such a matter must become well-known among the people, and the attendees would request 'Umar to judge between them so that they would be relieved.
The reader:
So Malik ibn Aws said: "It seems to me that they had prepared them for this," so 'Umar said: "Wait."
فَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ أَوْسٍ : يُخَيَّلُ إِلَيَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ كَانُوا قَدَّمُوهُمْ لِذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : اتَّئِدَاThe Shaykh : "Attia" is from "ittiad," which means waiting. It means, wait, and he (may Allah be pleased with him) will speak.
The reader:
I adjure you by the One with whose permission the heaven and the earth exist, do you know that Allah’s Messenger said (Allah bless him and give him peace): 'We are not inherited from. Whatever we leave behind is a charitable donation'?"
أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ : لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَا صَدَقَة ، قَالُوا : نَعَمْThe Shaykh : His saying "We are not inherited" means, O fellow prophets, you are not inherited. What you leave behind is charity. As for his saying (Blessed and Exalted is He) regarding Zakariyya:
give me from Yourself an heir (6) Who will inherit me and inherit from the family of Jacob
هب لي من لدنك وليّاً يرثني ويرث من آل يعقوبAnd his saying:
We (prophets) do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is (to be given in) charity.
لا نورث ما تركنا صدقةWe (prophets) do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is (to be given in) charity.
لا نورث ما تركنا صدقةThe reader:
Then he turned to Abbas and 'Ali and said: I adjure you both by Allah by Whose order the heavens and earth are sustained, don't you know that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:" We do not have any heirs; what we leave behind is (to be given in) charity"? They (too) said: Yes.
ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ، وَعَلِيٍّ، فَقَال : أَنْشُدُكُمَا بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَال : لَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَة ، قَالَا : نَعَمThe Shaykh : He first called upon the attendees as witnesses, and they are sufficient in trust and reliability, then he called upon the disputants as witnesses specifically.
The Reciter:
(Then) Umar said: Allah, the Glorious and Exalted, had done to His Messenger (ﷺ) a special favour that He has not done to anyone else except him. He quoted the Qur'anic verse:" What Allah has bestowed upon His Apostle from (the properties) of the people of township is for Allah and His Messenger". The narrator said: I do not know whether he also recited the previous verse or not.
فَقَالَ عُمَرُ : إِنَّ اللهَ جَلَّ وَعَزَّ كَانَ خَصَّ رَسُولَهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِخَاصَّةٍ، لَمْ يُخَصِّصْ بِهَا أَحَدًا غَيْرَهُ، قَالَ : مَا أَفَاءَ اللهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُرَى فَلِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ - مَا أَدْرِي هَلْ قَرَأَ الْآيَةَ الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا أَمْ لَا -The Shaykh : The narrator says: I do not know, did he recite the verse before it or not.
The reader:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) distrbuted among you the properties abandoned by Banu Nadir. By Allah, he never preferred himself over you and never appropriated anything to your exclusion.
قَالَ : فَقَسَمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَيْنَكُمْ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَوَاللهِ، مَا اسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَلَا أَخَذَهَا دُونَكُمThe Shaykh : "Did not take more" means he did not increase [for himself], and "nor did he take it without you" means he did not take it exclusively.
The reader:
(After a fair distribution in this way) this property was left over. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would meet from its income his annual expenditure, and what remained would be deposited in the Bait-ul-Mal. (Continuing further) he said: I adjure you by Allah by Whose order the heavens and the earth are sustained. Do you know this? They said: Yes. Then he adjured Abbas and 'All as he had adjured the other persons and asked: Do you both know this? They said: Yes. He said: When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) passed away, Abu Bakr said:" I am the successor of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)." Both of you came to demand your shares from the property (left behind by the Messenger of Allah). (Referring to Hadrat 'Abbas), he said: You demanded your share from the property of your nephew, and he (referring to 'Ali) demanded a share on behalf of his wife from the property of her father.
حَتَّى بَقِيَ هَذَا الْمَالُ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، ثُمَّ يَجْعَلُ مَا بَقِيَ أُسْوَةَ الْمَالِ، ثُمَّ قَال : أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاللهِ الَّذِي بِإِذْنِهِ تَقُومُ السَّمَاءُ وَالْأَرْضُ، أَتَعْلَمُونَ ذَلِك ؟ قَالُوا : نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ نَشَدَ عَبَّاسًا، وَعَلِيًّا، بِمِثْلِ مَا نَشَدَ بِهِ الْقَوْمَ، أَتَعْلَمَانِ ذَلِك ؟ قَالَا : نَعَمْ، قَال : فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، قَالَ أَبُو بَكْر : أَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَجِئْتُمَا تَطْلُبُ مِيرَاثَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ أَخِيكَ، وَيَطْلُبُ هَذَا مِيرَاثَ امْرَأَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهَاThe Shaykh : Who is this? 'Ali, because he would not be a residuary heir to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) in the presence of his maternal uncle, because the maternal uncle is more entitled to inheritance than the son of a maternal uncle. But 'Ali came seeking the inheritance of his wife from her father.
The reader:
Then Abu Bakr said: "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: 'We are not inherited; what we leave behind is charity.' You considered him a lying sinner, a lying sinner, a treacherous traitor. And Allah knows that he is indeed truthful, pious, righteous, and following the truth."
فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْر : قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم : مَا نُورَثُ مَا تَرَكْنَاهُ صَدَقَة ، فَرَأَيْتُمَاهُ كَاذِبًا آثِمًا كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنَّهُ لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقِّThe Shaykh : Allah is the Greatest! By Allah, this is the truth.
The reader:
Then Abu Bakr passed away, and I am the guardian of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and the guardian of Abu Bakr. You considered me a lying sinner, a treacherous traitor. And Allah knows that I am indeed truthful, pious, righteous, and following the truth."
ثُمَّ تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَنَا وَلِيُّ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، وَوَلِيُّ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَرَأَيْتُمَانِي كَاذِبًا آثِمًا غَادِرًا خَائِنًا، وَاللهُ يَعْلَمُ إِنِّي لَصَادِقٌ بَارٌّ رَاشِدٌ تَابِعٌ لِلْحَقThe Shaykh : In this is defending another with the truth, and defending oneself with the truth as well. So he defended Abu Bakr first, then he defended himself. And by Allah, he is truthful, dutiful, righteous, and following the truth. May Allah help us.
The reader:
Then I took charge of it, and then you and this one, and you all together, with your command being one, came to me. You said: "Hand it over to us."
فَوَلِيتُهَا ثُمَّ جِئْتَنِي أَنْتَ وَهَذَا وَأَنْتُمَا جَمِيعٌ وَأَمْرُكُمَا وَاحِدٌ، فَقُلْتُمَا : ادْفَعْهَا إِلَيْنَاThe Shaykh : They were initially in agreement, asking 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to give them what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was entitled to from the wealth of Banu Nadir. They came asking, and their command was one, and they were united on it.
The reader:
So I said: "If you wish, I will hand it over to you on the condition that you pledge to Allah to do with it what the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to do." You took it on that condition. He said: "Is that so?" They said: "Yes." He said: "Then you came to me to judge between you, and by Allah, I will not judge between you by anything other than that until the Hour stands, so if you are unable to do it, return it to me."
فَقُلْت : إِنْ شِئْتُمْا دَفَعْتُهَا إِلَيْكُمَا عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمَا عَهْدَ اللهِ أَنْ تَعْمَلَا فِيهَا بِالَّذِي كَانَ يَعْمَلُ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَأَخَذْتُمَاهَا بِذَلِكَ، قَال : أَكَذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَا : نَعَمْ، قَال : ثُمَّ جِئْتُمَانِي لِأَقْضِيَ بَيْنَكُمَا، وَلَا وَاللهِ لَا أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمَا بِغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ، فَإِنْ عَجَزْتُمَا عَنْهَا فَرُدَّاهَا إِلَيّThe Shaykh : Decisive speech, and wisdom.