The Book of Jihad, Expeditions, and Authority-05b
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The reciter: Abu Bakr ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us, 'Affan narrated to us, Hammad ibn Salamah narrated to us from Thabit from Anas, .
The Shaykh : The Battle of Badr, all of you know it, or most of you. It took place in Ramadan in the second year of the Hijrah. Its cause was that Abu Sufyan arrived from Sham to Makkah with a caravan of theirs, meaning a group of camels carrying food and what the people of Makkah needed. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of them, so he encouraged his companions to go out against Abu Sufyan.
The reason it is permissible to take the wealth of Abu Sufyan is that they are in a state of war; I mean the people of Makkah are in a state of war with respect to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Their wealth is lawful for the Muslims. Abu Sufyan was a clever man; he avoided the well-known road and took the coastal route. He sent a message to Quraysh asking for their support. The spirit of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance took hold of Quraysh, so they gathered with their chiefs and their partners in shirk (associating partners with Allah) to go out against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to destroy him.
So they claimed, and they were as Allah described them in His saying:[Al-Anfal 8:47] until one of them would say: "By Allah, we will not return until we reach Badr, where we will stay, slaughter the camels, drink the wines, have the singers play for us, and the Arabs will hear of us and continue to fear us forever". Praise be to Allah that the matter turned out the opposite of what he said in every respect. They went out with their anger, may Allah protect us, and they met the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in this place. As for Abu Sufyan, he escaped with his caravan, but Allah the Exalted willed for these people what was good for the Muslims. Allah gathered them with their enemy without an appointment, and the result, praise be to Allah, was that these chiefs and partners in shirk were killed.
As for the matter of the boy, it is strange! The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) thought he was trying to confuse them. They asked him about Abu Sufyan, and he said: "I do not know." Was he truthful or not?
He was truthful; he did not know about him. He mentioned to them the prominent figures of Quraysh, but they did not accept it from him, thinking that he was mocking them, so they beat him. Until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed them that this boy was telling the truth.
That the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) consulted when he was informed of the approach of Abu Sufyan. He said: Abu Bakr spoke, but he turned away from him. Then 'Umar spoke, but he turned away from him. Then Sa'd ibn 'Ubadah stood up and said: "Do you mean us, O Messenger of Allah? By Him in whose hand is my soul, if you ordered us to plunge them into the sea, we would plunge them in, and if you ordered us to drive their livers to the pools of al-Ghumad, we would do it." He said: So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) encouraged the people, and they set out until they camped at Badr. The scouts of Quraysh came to them, and among them was a black slave of Banu al-Hajjaj. They captured him, and the companions of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to ask him about Abu Sufyan and his companions. He would say: "I have no knowledge of Abu Sufyan, but this is Abu Jahl, 'Utba, Shaybah, and Umayyah ibn Khalaf." When he said that, they would beat him. He would say: "Yes, I will inform you, this is Abu Sufyan." When they left him and asked him again, he would say: "I have no knowledge of Abu Sufyan, but this is Abu Jahl, 'Utba, Shaybah, and Umayyah ibn Khalaf among the people." When he said this too, they would beat him. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) was standing praying. When he saw that, he turned away and said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, you beat him when he tells you the truth and leave him when he lies to you." He said: So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "This is the place where so-and-so will fall." He said: And he placed his hand on the ground, here and here. He said: So none of them deviated from the place of the hand of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him).
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ شَاوَرَ حِينَ بَلَغَهُ إِقْبَالُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، قَالَ : فَتَكَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ تَكَلَّمَ عُمَرُ، فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، فَقَامَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، فَقَالَ : إِيَّانَا تُرِيدُ يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ ؟ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَوْ أَمَرْتَنَا أَنْ نُخِيضَهَا الْبَحْرَ لَأَخَضْنَاهَا، وَلَوْ أَمَرْتَنَا أَنْ نَضْرِبَ أَكْبَادَهَا إِلَى بَرْكِ الْغِمَادِ لَفَعَلْنَا، قَالَ : فَنَدَبَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ النَّاسَ، فَانْطَلَقُوا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا بَدْرًا، وَوَرَدَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ رَوَايَا قُرَيْشٍ، وَفِيهِمْ غُلَامٌ أَسْوَدُ لِبَنِي الْحَجَّاجِ، فَأَخَذُوهُ، فَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَنْ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَيَقُولُ : مَا لِي عِلْمٌ بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَلَكِنْ هَذَا أَبُو جَهْلٍ، وَعُتْبَةُ، وَشَيْبَةُ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، فَإِذَا قَالَ ذَلِكَ ضَرَبُوهُ، فَقَالَ : نَعَمْ، أَنَا أُخْبِرُكُمْ، هَذَا أَبُو سُفْيَانَ، فَإِذَا تَرَكُوهُ فَسَأَلُوهُ، فَقَالَ مَا لِي بِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ عِلْمٌ، وَلَكِنْ هَذَا أَبُو جَهْلٍ، وَعُتْبَةُ، وَشَيْبَةُ، وَأُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ، فِي النَّاسِ، فَإِذَا قَالَ هَذَا أَيْضًا ضَرَبُوهُ، وَرَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ انْصَرَفَ، قَالَ : وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَتَضْرِبُوهُ إِذَا صَدَقَكُمْ، وَتَتْرُكُوهُ إِذَا كَذَبَكُمْ ، قَالَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ : هَذَا مَصْرَعُ فُلَانٍ ، قَالَ : وَيَضَعُ يَدَهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ ، هَاهُنَا، هَاهُنَا ، قَالَ : فَمَا مَاطَ أَحَدُهُمْ عَنْ مَوْضِعِ يَدِ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَThe Shaykh : The Battle of Badr, all of you know it, or most of you. It took place in Ramadan in the second year of the Hijrah. Its cause was that Abu Sufyan arrived from Sham to Makkah with a caravan of theirs, meaning a group of camels carrying food and what the people of Makkah needed. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) learned of them, so he encouraged his companions to go out against Abu Sufyan.
The reason it is permissible to take the wealth of Abu Sufyan is that they are in a state of war; I mean the people of Makkah are in a state of war with respect to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Their wealth is lawful for the Muslims. Abu Sufyan was a clever man; he avoided the well-known road and took the coastal route. He sent a message to Quraysh asking for their support. The spirit of the pre-Islamic age of ignorance took hold of Quraysh, so they gathered with their chiefs and their partners in shirk (associating partners with Allah) to go out against the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) to destroy him.
So they claimed, and they were as Allah described them in His saying:
came forth from their homes insolently and to be seen by people and avert [them] from the way of Allah
خرجوا من ديارهم بَطَراً ورئاء الناس ويصدّون عن سبيل اللهAs for the matter of the boy, it is strange! The Companions (may Allah be pleased with them) thought he was trying to confuse them. They asked him about Abu Sufyan, and he said: "I do not know." Was he truthful or not?
He was truthful; he did not know about him. He mentioned to them the prominent figures of Quraysh, but they did not accept it from him, thinking that he was mocking them, so they beat him. Until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed them that this boy was telling the truth.