Explanation of the words of Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) regarding what he quoted: "
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The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The chapter on holding people to their outward appearances, and leaving their inner secrets to Allah, Mighty and Majestic":
First: Know that the criterion in this world is what is in the outward appearances, the tongue and the limbs, and that the criterion in the Hereafter is what is in the inner secrets, the heart.
So a person on the Day of Resurrection will be held accountable for what is in his heart, and in this world for what is in his tongue and limbs. Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said:[At-Tariq 86:8-9]: The inner secrets and hearts are tested. And He said: [Al-'Adiyat 100:9-11].
So strive, my brother, for the purity of your heart before the purity of your limbs. How many a person prays, fasts, gives charity, and performs Hajj, but his heart is corrupt.
Here are the Khawarij, an early sect that declared sinners disbelievers, about whom the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed us that they pray, fast, give charity, recite the Qur'an, stand in night prayer, weep, perform the late-night voluntary prayer, and a Companion considers his own prayer insignificant compared to their prayer. But the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:: Faith does not enter their hearts.
Even though their outward appearances were righteous, it did not benefit them.
So do not be deceived by the righteousness of your limbs. Look first of all to your heart. We ask Allah to rectify my heart and your hearts. The most important thing is the heart.
: Look at the heart; the heart is the foundation. For this reason, Allah the Exalted said: [Al-Ma'idah 5:41].
As for this world and our dealings with others, it is obligatory to hold people to their outward appearances, because we do not know the unseen, we do not know what is in the hearts, and Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:. We are not obligated to investigate what is in people's hearts. For this reason, Allah the Exalted said: [At-Tawbah 9:5], and their affair is left to Allah. That is, if the polytheists repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, then let them go their way. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.
And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, as narrated by Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih al-Bukhari 25: So do we act based on outward appearances or not? We act based on outward appearances. If he testifies that there is no god but Allah, that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, establishes prayer, and gives zakah, his blood and wealth are protected, and his account is with Allah. We have no concern except with the outward appearance.
Likewise, whoever says, "There is no god but Allah," his blood and wealth are protected. This is what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said.
Then the author mentioned two wonderful hadiths containing two strange stories:
The first: The hadith of al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:: Look, a polytheist cut off the hand of a Muslim man, took refuge in a tree, and said: I testify that there is no god but Allah. Should I kill him?
He said:. How did he cut off my hand, O Messenger of Allah, while he was a polytheist? Should I kill him? He said: : Meaning, you would be a disbeliever. Knowing that I and you think that this man said, "There is no god but Allah" or "I testify that there is no god but Allah" out of fear of what? What? Of being killed. And yet he says: Do not kill him. His blood and wealth are protected.
In this hadith as well is the evidence that what the disbelievers destroy of the Muslims' wealth and what they inflict upon the Muslims is not guaranteed. That is, if a disbeliever destroys something belonging to the Muslims or kills a soul, he is not liable if he embraces Islam. Islam erases what came before it. This story is strange.
The second story: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sent Usamah ibn Zayd in a raid to al-Hurqah of the tribe of Jahinah. When they reached the people and caught them by surprise, a man fled from the polytheists. Usamah and a man from the Ansar pursued him, intending to kill him. When they caught up with him, he said, "There is no god but Allah." As for the Ansari man, he was more knowledgeable than Usamah; he held back from him and left him when he said, "There is no god but Allah." As for Usamah, he killed him.
When they returned to Madinah and the news reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), he said to Usamah:. He repeated it to him until, in a narration by Muslim, he said to him: Sahih Muslim 97. Allahu Akbar!! Sahih Muslim 97,
يقول رضي الله عنه: حتى تمنيت أني لم أكن أسلمت قبل هذا اليوم, because if he had been a disbeliever and then embraced Islam, Allah would have forgiven him. But now he did this act while being a Muslim. It was difficult for the Messenger; it was very difficult for Usamah.
The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated:, knowing that what was most likely understood by Usamah was that he said it as what? As a plea for safety from being killed, seeking protection from being killed. But even so, if he says, "There is no god but Allah," that is it, and one must hold back from him, and his blood and wealth are protected thereby, even if he said it as a plea for safety or said it out of hypocrisy. His account is with Allah.
So this is evidence that we hold people in this world to their outward appearances. As for what is in the hearts, its time is the Day of Resurrection, when the inner secrets are revealed and what is in the breasts is accounted for. For this reason, we, O brothers, must purify our hearts before anything else, and then our limbs.
As for our dealings with others, we must deal with others based on their outward appearance.
And listen to the words of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him): meaning you have disputes among yourselves, Sunan Ibn Majah 2318Hasan (Darussalam): meaning the clearest and strongest claim, .
So the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) held the matter in the dispute to what?
The student: To the outward appearance.
The Shaykh : To the outward appearance. But behind you is the Fire if you are lying in your claim, and you have taken the judge by your tongue and false testimony. Then a piece of the Fire will be cut out for you, so consider whether it is little or much.
And the summary of this lesson is: A person is dealt with in this world based on the outward appearance, and on the Day of Resurrection based on the inner reality.
So we must deal with others based on what appears to us of their condition, and their affair is left to Allah. And we ourselves must purify our hearts, purify the hearts so that there is nothing in them, no affliction, no arrogance, no resentment, no envy, no shirk (associating partners with Allah), no doubt. We ask Allah to protect us and you from these traits, for this is serious, very serious. We ask Allah to guide us and you to the best of traits and deeds, for He alone guides to the best of them, and to keep us away from evil deeds and traits, for He alone keeps us away from them.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "The chapter on holding people to their outward appearances, and leaving their inner secrets to Allah, Mighty and Majestic":
First: Know that the criterion in this world is what is in the outward appearances, the tongue and the limbs, and that the criterion in the Hereafter is what is in the inner secrets, the heart.
So a person on the Day of Resurrection will be held accountable for what is in his heart, and in this world for what is in his tongue and limbs. Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He, said:
(8) Indeed, Allah, to return him [to life], is Able. (9) The Day when secrets will be put on trial,
إِنَّهُ عَلَى رَجْعِهِ لَقَادِرٌ يَوْمَ تُبْلَى السَّرَائِرُ(9) But does he not know that when the contents of the graves are scattered (10) And that within the breasts is obtained, (11) Indeed, their Lord with them, that Day, is [fully] Acquainted.
أَفَلا يَعْلَمُ إِذَا بُعْثِرَ مَا فِي الْقُبُورِ * وَحُصِّلَ مَا فِي الصُّدُورِ * إِنَّ رَبَّهُمْ بِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَخَبِيرٌSo strive, my brother, for the purity of your heart before the purity of your limbs. How many a person prays, fasts, gives charity, and performs Hajj, but his heart is corrupt.
Here are the Khawarij, an early sect that declared sinners disbelievers, about whom the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) informed us that they pray, fast, give charity, recite the Qur'an, stand in night prayer, weep, perform the late-night voluntary prayer, and a Companion considers his own prayer insignificant compared to their prayer. But the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Their Islam does not go beyond their throats.
إنَّ إسلامهم لا يتجاوز حناجرهمEven though their outward appearances were righteous, it did not benefit them.
So do not be deceived by the righteousness of your limbs. Look first of all to your heart. We ask Allah to rectify my heart and your hearts. The most important thing is the heart.
A man was brought to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) who had drunk intoxicants, so he was flogged. Then he was brought again and flogged. A man from among the Companions cursed him, saying, “May Allah curse him! How often he is brought to the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him)!” The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) said to him, “Do not do that. Do not curse him, for perhaps Allah and His Messenger love him.”
رُفع رجل إلى الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام قد شرب الخمر فجلده، ثم مرة أخرى فجلده، فسبه رجل من الصحابة، وقال أظنه: لعنه الله، ما أكثر ما يؤتى به إلى الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام، قال له الرسول: لا تفعل ، لا تسبه، فإن يحب الله ورسولهThose are the ones for whom Allah does not intend to purify their hearts
أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يُرِدِ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُطَهِّرَ قُلُوبَهُمْAs for this world and our dealings with others, it is obligatory to hold people to their outward appearances, because we do not know the unseen, we do not know what is in the hearts, and Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity. And the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
I only judge according to what I hear.
إنما أقضي بنحو ما أسمعBut if they should repent, establish prayer, and give zakah, let them [go] on their way
فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكَاةَ فَخَلُّوا سَبِيلَهُمْAnd the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, as narrated by Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against the people until they testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), and offer the prayers perfectly and give the obligatory charity, so if they perform that, then they save their lives and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah.
أُمرت أن أقاتل الناس حتى يشهدوا أن لا إله إلا الله، وأن محمداً رسول الله، ويقيموا الصلاة، ويؤتوا الزكاة، فإذا فعلوا ذلك عصموا مني دماءهم وأموالهم، وحسابهم على اللهLikewise, whoever says, "There is no god but Allah," his blood and wealth are protected. This is what the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said.
Then the author mentioned two wonderful hadiths containing two strange stories:
The first: The hadith of al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
O Messenger of Allah, what do you think if I encounter a man from among the polytheists, and I fight him, and he strikes me with a sword until he cuts off my hand, then he takes refuge in a tree and says, “I testify that there is no god but Allah”? Should I kill him? He said, “Do not kill him.”
يا رسول الله، أرأيتَ إن لقيتُ رجلاً من المشركين، فقاتلته، فضربني بالسيف حتى قطع يدي، ثم لاذ مني بشجرة، ثم قال: أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله، أفأقتله؟ قال: لا تقتلهHe said:
Do not kill him.
لا تقتلهDo not kill him. If you kill him, you are like him before he said this word.
لا تقتله، إن قتلته فأنت مثله قبل أن يقول هذه الكلمةIn this hadith as well is the evidence that what the disbelievers destroy of the Muslims' wealth and what they inflict upon the Muslims is not guaranteed. That is, if a disbeliever destroys something belonging to the Muslims or kills a soul, he is not liable if he embraces Islam. Islam erases what came before it. This story is strange.
The second story: The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) sent Usamah ibn Zayd in a raid to al-Hurqah of the tribe of Jahinah. When they reached the people and caught them by surprise, a man fled from the polytheists. Usamah and a man from the Ansar pursued him, intending to kill him. When they caught up with him, he said, "There is no god but Allah." As for the Ansari man, he was more knowledgeable than Usamah; he held back from him and left him when he said, "There is no god but Allah." As for Usamah, he killed him.
When they returned to Madinah and the news reached the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), he said to Usamah:
Did you kill him after he said, “There is no god but Allah”? He said, “Yes, O Messenger of Allah.” He said that to seek refuge from being killed, seeking safety through it from being killed. He said, “Did you kill him after he said, ‘There is no god but Allah’?” He said, “Yes.” He said it to seek refuge from being killed.
قتلته بعد أن قال لا إله إلا لله قال: نعم يا رسول الله، قال ذلك يتعوذ من القتل، يستجير بها من القتل، قال: أقتلته بعد أن قال لا إله إلا الله؟ قال: نعم قالها يتعوذ من القتلWhat would you do with:" There is no god but Allah," when he would come (before you) on the Day of Judgment?
ما تصنع بلا إله إلا الله إذا جاءت يوم القيامة؟What would you do with:" There is no god but Allah," when he would come (before you) on the Day of Judgment?
ما تصنع بلا إله إلا الله إذا جاءت يوم القيامة؟Did you kill him after he said, “There is no god but Allah”? He said, (may Allah be pleased with him), “I even wished that I had not become a Muslim before this day.”
أقتلته بعد أن قال لا إله إلا الله؟يقول رضي الله عنه: حتى تمنيت أني لم أكن أسلمت قبل هذا اليوم
The Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) repeated:
Did you kill him after he said, “There is no god but Allah”? What will you do with “There is no god but Allah” when it comes to you on the Day of Resurrection?
أَقتلته بعد أن قال لا إله إلا الله؟ ما تصنع بلا إله إلا الله إذا جاءتك يوم القيامة؟So this is evidence that we hold people in this world to their outward appearances. As for what is in the hearts, its time is the Day of Resurrection, when the inner secrets are revealed and what is in the breasts is accounted for. For this reason, we, O brothers, must purify our hearts before anything else, and then our limbs.
As for our dealings with others, we must deal with others based on their outward appearance.
And listen to the words of the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him):
You will come to me with disputes.
إنكم تختصمون إليَّand some of you may be more eloquent in presenting your case than others
ولعل يعضكم أن يكون ألحن بحجته من بعضSo I rule in his favor based on what I hear. If I award to him any part of his brother's right, it is nothing but a piece of fire that I am cutting out for him. So let him take it or leave it.
فأقضي له بنحو ما أسمع، فمن اقتطعت له من حق أخيه شيئاً فإنما أقتطع له جمرة من النار، فليستقل أو ليستكثرSo the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) held the matter in the dispute to what?
The student: To the outward appearance.
The Shaykh : To the outward appearance. But behind you is the Fire if you are lying in your claim, and you have taken the judge by your tongue and false testimony. Then a piece of the Fire will be cut out for you, so consider whether it is little or much.
And the summary of this lesson is: A person is dealt with in this world based on the outward appearance, and on the Day of Resurrection based on the inner reality.
So we must deal with others based on what appears to us of their condition, and their affair is left to Allah. And we ourselves must purify our hearts, purify the hearts so that there is nothing in them, no affliction, no arrogance, no resentment, no envy, no shirk (associating partners with Allah), no doubt. We ask Allah to protect us and you from these traits, for this is serious, very serious. We ask Allah to guide us and you to the best of traits and deeds, for He alone guides to the best of them, and to keep us away from evil deeds and traits, for He alone keeps us away from them.