And peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions
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The reader: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions:
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) quoted, in the context of the hadiths in the chapter on fulfilling covenants and keeping promises: "From 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:Sahih al-Bukhari 34 Agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim.
And from Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said: Agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim" .
The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
The author al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said in *Riyad al-Salihin*, in the chapter on fulfilling covenants and keeping promises: regarding what he quoted from 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said:, and the discussion of these two phrases has already been mentioned.
He said:: This is close to his previous statement: : If he makes a covenant with someone, he betrays him and does not fulfill the covenant he made with him.
And the fourth:: Dispute: Litigation before a judge or the like. So if he disputes, he acts outrageously: Outrageousness in dispute is of two types:
The first is that he claims what is not his, and the second is that he denies what is obligatory upon him.
An example of the first: A person claims against another and says before the judge: "I am demanding one thousand riyals from this man," and he is lying, and he swears an oath to this claim, and he brings a false witness, so the judge rules in his favor. This is one who disputed and acted outrageously, because he claimed what was not his and swore to it.
And an example of the second: A person has one thousand riyals, so the owner of the right comes to him and says: "Pay me my right," and he says: "I have nothing for you." If they dispute before the judge and the claimant has no proof, this denier who lies in his denial that he owes him nothing swears an oath, and the judge rules in his favor. This dispute is outrageousness, refuge with Allah. It is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) that he said:Sahih al-Bukhari 2666, 2667: We seek refuge with Allah. If these four qualities are gathered in a person, he is a pure hypocrite, because he has completed the qualities of hypocrisy, refuge with Allah. If he has one of them, he has a quality of hypocrisy in him until he abandons it.
In this hadith is evidence of the severe warning against these four qualities: betrayal of trust, lying in speech, breaking covenants, and outrageousness in dispute. It is also evidence that a person can have qualities of faith and qualities of hypocrisy gathered in him, due to his saying:Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2632Sahih (Darussalam). This is the position of the people of the Sunnah and the community: that a person can have a quality of hypocrisy and a quality of faith, a quality of open sinfulness and a quality of justice, a quality of enmity and a quality of loyalty. That is, a person is not either a pure disbeliever or a pure believer, but he may have qualities of disbelief while being a believer, and qualities of faith.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions:
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) quoted, in the context of the hadiths in the chapter on fulfilling covenants and keeping promises: "From 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:
Whoever has the following four (characteristics) will be a pure hypocrite and whoever has one of the following four characteristics will have one characteristic of hypocrisy unless and until he gives it up. 1. Whenever he is entrusted, he betrays. 2. Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie. 3. Whenever he makes a covenant, he proves treacherous. 4. Whenever he quarrels, he behaves in a very imprudent, evil and insulting manner.
أربعٌ مَن كُن فيه كان منافقا خالصا، ومن كانت فيه خصلة منهن كانت فيه خصلة من النفاق حتى يدعها: إذا اؤتمن خان، وإذا حدَّث كذب، وإذا عاهد غدر، وإذا خاصم فجرAnd from Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), who said:
The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me: "If the wealth of Bahrain had come, I would have given you thus, thus, and thus." But the wealth of Bahrain did not come until the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) passed away. When the wealth of Bahrain came, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) ordered a call to be made: "Whoever has a promise or a debt with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), let him come to us." So I came to him and said to him: "The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said to me thus and thus." So he threw a handful for me, and I counted it, and it was five hundred. He said to me: "Take twice that amount."
قال لي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: لو قد جاء مال البحرين أعطيتك هكذا وهكذا وهكذا، فلم يجئ مال البحرين حتى قُبض النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلما جاء مالُ البحرين أمر أبو بكر رضي الله عنه فنادى: مَن كان له عند رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عِدَة أو دين فليأتنا، فأتيته وقلت له: إن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال لي كذا وكذا، فحثى لي حثيةً فعددتها فإذا هي خمسمائة، فقال لي: خذ مثليهاThe Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful:
The author al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said in *Riyad al-Salihin*, in the chapter on fulfilling covenants and keeping promises: regarding what he quoted from 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with them both), that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said:
Four qualities, whoever possesses them is a pure hypocrite, and whoever has one of them has a quality of hypocrisy in him until he abandons it: when he is trusted, he betrays; when he speaks, he lies
أربعٌ من كُنَّ فيه كان منافقا خالصا، ومن كان فيه واحدة منهن، كان فيه خصلة من النفاق حتى يدعها: إذا اؤتمن خان، وإذا حدث كذبHe said:
And if he makes a covenant, he betrays
وإذا عاهد غدرIf he promises, he breaks it
إذا وعد أخلفAnd the fourth:
When he litigates, he commits injustice
إذا خاصم فجرThe first is that he claims what is not his, and the second is that he denies what is obligatory upon him.
An example of the first: A person claims against another and says before the judge: "I am demanding one thousand riyals from this man," and he is lying, and he swears an oath to this claim, and he brings a false witness, so the judge rules in his favor. This is one who disputed and acted outrageously, because he claimed what was not his and swore to it.
And an example of the second: A person has one thousand riyals, so the owner of the right comes to him and says: "Pay me my right," and he says: "I have nothing for you." If they dispute before the judge and the claimant has no proof, this denier who lies in his denial that he owes him nothing swears an oath, and the judge rules in his favor. This dispute is outrageousness, refuge with Allah. It is established from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) that he said:
If somebody takes a false oath in order to get the property of a Muslim (unjustly) by that oath, then Allah will be angry with him when he will meet Him.
من حلف على يمين فاجرة ليقتطع بها مال امرئ مسلم، لقي الله وهو عليه غضبانIn this hadith is evidence of the severe warning against these four qualities: betrayal of trust, lying in speech, breaking covenants, and outrageousness in dispute. It is also evidence that a person can have qualities of faith and qualities of hypocrisy gathered in him, due to his saying: