Explanation of Riyad al-Salihin-81a
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The reader: In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) transmitted, in the context of the hadiths in the chapter on the prohibition of lying,
"From 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with both of them) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) saidRiyad as-Salihin 1543 Agreed upon by al-Bukhari and Muslim. And from Ibn 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with both of them) from the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) who said Riyad as-Salihin 1544 Narrated by al-Bukhari.
The Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
We have previously discussed two phrases of the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with both of them) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) saidRiyad as-Salihin 1543 The third quality is meaning if he gives a person a covenant regarding any matter, he betrays them and breaks the covenant. This includes covenants with disbelievers and covenants with Muslims regarding certain matters, and then he betrays them. As for covenants with disbelievers, if we make a covenant with disbelievers to cease fighting between us and them for a specific period, as the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) did with Quraysh when he made a covenant with them in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah to cease fighting for ten years, then if we make a covenant with these polytheists, we have three situations with them:
The first situation is that they break the covenant. If they break the covenant, then the covenant between us and them is invalidated, as Allah the Exalted said[At-Tawbah 9:12] Just as Quraysh did with the covenant between them and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) at Hudaybiyyah, for they did not let eight years pass without breaking the covenant, where they aided their allies against the allies of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).
The second situation is that they remain steadfast on the covenant. In that case, it is obligatory for us to remain steadfast on the covenant and to stay until the period ends, based on the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:[At-Tawbah 9:7]
The third situation is that we fear they will break the covenant, meaning they have not actually broken it, and complete steadfastness has not appeared to us, so we fear they will break the covenant. In this case, we throw the covenant to them and say to them explicitly that there is no covenant between us and them. The evidence for this is the saying of Allah the Exalted:[Al-Anfal 8:58] As for covenants between Muslims, such as making a covenant with a person to do such and such, or not to do such and such, or regarding
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and blessings and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and all his Companions.
The author (may Allah have mercy on him) transmitted, in the context of the hadiths in the chapter on the prohibition of lying,
"From 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with both of them) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said
Whosoever possesses these four characteristics, is a sheer hypocrite; and anyone who possesses one of them, possesses a characteristic of hypocrisy till he gives it up. (These are:) When he is entrusted with something, he proves dishonest; when he talks, he tells a lie; when he makes a covenant, he acts treacherously; and when he quarrels, he utters foul language.
أربع من كن فيه كان منافقا خالصا ومن كانت فيه خصلة منهن كانت فيه خصلة من نفاق حتى يدعها إذا اؤتمن خان وإذا حدث كذب وإذا عاهد غدر وإذا خاصم فجرHe who narrates a dream which he has not seen will be put to trouble to join into a knot two barley seeds which he will not be able to do; and he who seeks to listen to the talk of a people (secretly) will have molten lead poured into his ears on the Day of Resurrection; and he who makes a picture (of people or other creatures with a soul, such as animals and insects) will be (severely punished), and he will be asked to infuse spirit therein, which he will not be able to do.
من تحلم بحلم لم يره كلف أن يعقد بين شعيرتين ولن يفعل ومن استمع إلى حديث قوم وهم له كارهون صب في أذنيه الآنك يوم القيامة ومن صور صورة عذب وكلف أن ينفخ فيها الروح وليس بنافخThe Shaykh : In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
We have previously discussed two phrases of the hadith of 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As (may Allah be pleased with both of them) that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said
Whosoever possesses these four characteristics, is a sheer hypocrite; and anyone who possesses one of them, possesses a characteristic of hypocrisy till he gives it up. (These are:) When he is entrusted with something, he proves dishonest; when he talks, he tells a lie
أربع من كن فيه كان منافقا خالصا ومن كان فيه خصلة منهن كان فيه خصلة من نفاق حتى يدعها إذا اؤتمن خان وإذا حدث كذبAnd if he makes a covenant, he betrays
وإذا عاهد غدرThe first situation is that they break the covenant. If they break the covenant, then the covenant between us and them is invalidated, as Allah the Exalted said
And if they break their oaths after their treaty and defame your religion, then fight the leaders of disbelief, for indeed, there are no oaths [sacred] to them; [fight them that] they might cease.
فإن نكثوا أيمانهم من بعد عهدهم وطعنوا في دينكم فقاتلوا أئمة الكفر إنهم لا أيمان لهم لعلهم ينتهونThe second situation is that they remain steadfast on the covenant. In that case, it is obligatory for us to remain steadfast on the covenant and to stay until the period ends, based on the saying of Allah, Blessed and Exalted is He:
So as long as they are upright toward you, be upright toward them. Indeed, Allah loves the righteous [who fear Him].
فما استقاموا لكم فاستقيموا لهم إن الله يحب المتقينThe third situation is that we fear they will break the covenant, meaning they have not actually broken it, and complete steadfastness has not appeared to us, so we fear they will break the covenant. In this case, we throw the covenant to them and say to them explicitly that there is no covenant between us and them. The evidence for this is the saying of Allah the Exalted: